Katherine A Fitzgerald PHD
Title Professor
Institution University of Massachusetts Medical School
Department Medicine
Division Infectious Diseases And Immunology
Address University of Massachusetts Medical School
364 Plantation Street, LRB
Worcester MA 01605
Telephone 508-856-6518
Email
Other Positions
Institution UMMS - Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
Department Immunology & Virology

Institution UMMS - Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
Department Interdisciplinary Graduate Program

Institution UMMS - Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
Department MD/PhD Program

Institution UMMS - Programs, Centers and Institutes
Department Center for AIDS Research
Narrative

Biography

Kate Fitzgerald received her B.Sc. in 1995 from University College Cork, Ireland, and her Ph.D. in 1999 from Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. From 1999 to 2001, she was a post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Biochemistry at Trinity College Dublin in the Laboratory of Professor Luke O'Neill, where her work was supported by a fellowship from the European Union. Dr. Fitzgerald joined the Division of Infectious Disease at the University of Massachusetts Medical School as a recipient of a Wellcome Trust International Award in 2001. In 2004 she joined the Faculty as an Assistant Professor and is currently Associate Professor of Medicine.

Research InformationKate Fitzgerald

INNATE IMMUNE SIGNALING

Research in the Fitzgerald laboratory focuses on several aspects of innate immunity and includes the following areas.

Pattern Recognition Receptors: 

Our work has focused on the identification and analysis of receptors involved in innate immune recognition (Pattern Recognition Receptors, e.g. Toll Like Receptors) and signaling pathways activated by these receptors. Of particular interest is the role of cytosolic recognition systems, particularly the NOD like Receptors (NLRs) and a newer family of DNA recognition receptors, the PYHIN protein family. Emerging evidence from our laboratory suggests that the PYHIN protein, AIM2 forms a caspase-1 activating inflammasome imporant in the generation of mature biologically active Interleukine-1 and 18. AIM2 appears to be important in recognizing a range of pathogens including DNA viruses, cytosolic bacterial pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Fransicells tularensis. We have also recently implicated anohter member of the family IFI16 act a receptors for viral DNA. We are currently studying the role of NLRs and PYHINs in host-defense, microbial pathogenesis, autoimmunity and cancer.

Innate Immunity to Malaria: Malaria is the most important infectious disease in world history. Little is known about the molecular basis for fever and inflammation during malaria. Studies are underway to try to understand what are the malaria products which drive inflammation during infection and what innate immune molecules recoznize these molecules. Exciting recent evidence from our work indicates that DNA recognition systems are key drivers of inflammation and fever induced in malaria infected individuals.

Type I Interferon Gene Regulation. Our work in this area has focused on understanding the molecular basis for activation of the interferon regulatory factors. A major focus is on the role of the IkB kinase-related kinases, IKK epsilon and TANK binding kinase-1 (TBK1) in phosphorylation-induced activation of IRF3 and IRF7. In this regard we are trying to understand how TBK1 is activated and deactivated during infection, inflammation and autoimmunity.

Publications
1. Caffrey DR, Fitzgerald KA. Immunology. Select inflammasome assembly. Science. 2012 Apr 27; 336(6080):420-1.
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2. Jin T, Perry A, Jiang J, Smith P, Curry JA, Unterholzner L, Jiang Z, Horvath G, Rathinam VA, Johnstone RW, Hornung V, Latz E, Bowie AG, Fitzgerald KA, Xiao TS. Structures of the HIN Domain:DNA Complexes Reveal Ligand Binding and Activation Mechanisms of the AIM2 Inflammasome and IFI16 Receptor. Immunity. 2012 Apr 20; 36(4):561-71.
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3. Rathinam VA, Vanaja SK, Fitzgerald KA. Regulation of inflammasome signaling. Nat Immunol. 2012; 13(4):333-2.
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4. Shimada K, Crother TR, Karlin J, Dagvadorj J, Chiba N, Chen S, Ramanujan VK, Wolf AJ, Vergnes L, Ojcius DM, Rentsendorj A, Vargas M, Guerrero C, Wang Y, Fitzgerald KA, Underhill DM, Town T, Arditi M. Oxidized Mitochondrial DNA Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome during Apoptosis. Immunity. 2012 Mar 23; 36(3):401-14.
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5. Shi CS, Shenderov K, Huang NN, Kabat J, Abu-Asab M, Fitzgerald KA, Sher A, Kehrl JH. Activation of autophagy by inflammatory signals limits IL-1ß production by targeting ubiquitinated inflammasomes for destruction. Nat Immunol. 2012; 13(3):255-63.
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6. Tomalka J, Ganesan S, Azodi E, Patel K, Majmudar P, Hall BA, Fitzgerald KA, Hise AG. A Novel Role for the NLRC4 Inflammasome in Mucosal Defenses against the Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans. PLoS Pathog. 2011 Dec; 7(12):e1002379.
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7. Rathinam VA, Fitzgerald KA. Cytosolic surveillance and antiviral immunity. Curr Opin Virol. 2011 Dec; 1(6):455-62.
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8. Schattgen SA, Fitzgerald KA. The PYHIN protein family as mediators of host defenses. Immunol Rev. 2011 Sep; 243(1):109-18.
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9. Dai P, Cao H, Merghoub T, Avogadri F, Wang W, Parikh T, Fang CM, Pitha PM, Fitzgerald KA, Rahman MM, McFadden G, Hu X, Houghton AN, Shuman S, Deng L. Myxoma Virus Induces Type I Interferon Production in Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells via a TLR9/MyD88-, IRF5/IRF7-, and IFNAR-Dependent Pathway. J Virol. 2011 Oct; 85(20):10814-25.
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10. Sharma S, Deoliveira RB, Kalantari P, Parroche P, Goutagny N, Jiang Z, Chan J, Bartholomeu DC, Lauw F, Hall JP, Barber GN, Gazzinelli RT, Fitzgerald KA, Golenbock DT. Innate Immune Recognition of an AT-Rich Stem-Loop DNA Motif in the Plasmodium falciparum Genome. Immunity. 2011 Aug 26; 35(2):194-207.
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11. Thompson MR, Kaminski JJ, Kurt-Jones EA, Fitzgerald KA. Pattern recognition receptors and the innate immune response to viral infection. Viruses. 2011 Jun; 3(6):920-40.
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12. Ather JL, Ckless K, Martin R, Foley KL, Suratt BT, Boyson JE, Fitzgerald KA, Flavell RA, Eisenbarth SC, Poynter ME. Serum Amyloid A Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Promotes Th17 Allergic Asthma in Mice. J Immunol. 2011 Jul 1; 187(1):64-73.
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13. Parker D, Martin FJ, Soong G, Harfenist BS, Aguilar JL, Ratner AJ, Fitzgerald KA, Schindler C, Prince A. Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA Initiates Type I Interferon Signaling in the Respiratory Tract. MBio. 2011; 2(3).
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14. Panchanathan R, Shen H, Duan X, Rathinam VA, Erickson LD, Fitzgerald KA, Choubey D. Aim2 Deficiency in Mice Suppresses the Expression of the Inhibitory Fc{gamma} Receptor (Fc{gamma}RIIB) through the Induction of the IFN-Inducible p202, a Lupus Susceptibility Protein. J Immunol. 2011 Jun 15; 186(12):6762-70.
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15. Sharma S, Fitzgerald KA. Innate immune sensing of DNA. PLoS Pathog. 2011 Apr; 7(4):e1001310.
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16. Sorrells TR, Kuritzky LY, Kauhanen PG, Fitzgerald K, Sturgis SJ, Chen J, Dijamco CA, Basurto KN, Gordon DM. Chemical Defense by the Native Winter Ant (Prenolepis imparis) against the Invasive Argentine Ant (Linepithema humile). PLoS One. 2011; 6(4):e18717.
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17. Wang L, Trebicka E, Fu Y, Waggoner L, Akira S, Fitzgerald KA, Kagan JC, Cherayil BJ. Regulation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Translation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha by the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Adaptor Protein TRAM. J Innate Immun. 2011; 3(5):437-46.
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18. Rathinam VA, Fitzgerald KA. Innate immune sensing of DNA viruses. Virology. 2011 Mar 15; 411(2):153-62.
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19. Paludan SR, Bowie AG, Horan KA, Fitzgerald KA. Recognition of herpesviruses by the innate immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Feb; 11(2):143-54.
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20. Siednienko J, Gajanayake T, Fitzgerald KA, Moynagh P, Miggin SM. Absence of MyD88 Results in Enhanced TLR3-Dependent Phosphorylation of IRF3 and Increased IFN-{beta} and RANTES Production. J Immunol. 2011 Feb 15; 186(4):2514-22.
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21. Harris J, Hartman M, Roche C, Zeng SG, O'Shea A, Sharp FA, Lambe EM, Creagh EM, Golenbock DT, Tschopp J, Kornfeld H, Fitzgerald KA, Lavelle EC. Autophagy Controls IL-1{beta} Secretion by Targeting Pro-IL-1{beta} for Degradation. J Biol Chem. 2011 Mar 18; 286(11):9587-97.
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22. Fitzgerald KA. The interferon inducible gene: viperin. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2011 Jan; 31(1):131-5.
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23. Nakahira K, Haspel JA, Rathinam VA, Lee SJ, Dolinay T, Lam HC, Englert JA, Rabinovitch M, Cernadas M, Kim HP, Fitzgerald KA, Ryter SW, Choi AM. Autophagy proteins regulate innate immune responses by inhibiting the release of mitochondrial DNA mediated by the NALP3 inflammasome. Nat Immunol. 2011 Mar; 12(3):222-30.
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24. McNeela EA, Burke A, Neill DR, Baxter C, Fernandes VE, Ferreira D, Smeaton S, El-Rachkidy R, McLoughlin RM, Mori A, Moran B, Fitzgerald KA, Tschopp J, Pétrilli V, Andrew PW, Kadioglu A, Lavelle EC. Pneumolysin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and promotes proinflammatory cytokines independently of TLR4. PLoS Pathog. 2010; 6(11):e1001191.
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25. Panchanathan R, Duan X, Shen H, Rathinam VA, Erickson LD, Fitzgerald KA, Choubey D. Aim2 Deficiency Stimulates the Expression of IFN-Inducible Ifi202, a Lupus Susceptibility Murine Gene within the Nba2 Autoimmune Susceptibility Locus. J Immunol. 2010 Dec 15; 185(12):7385-93.
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26. Unterholzner L, Keating SE, Baran M, Horan KA, Jensen SB, Sharma S, Sirois CM, Jin T, Latz E, Xiao TS, Fitzgerald KA, Paludan SR, Bowie AG. IFI16 is an innate immune sensor for intracellular DNA. Nat Immunol. 2010 Nov; 11(11):997-1004.
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27. van Lint AL, Murawski MR, Goodbody RE, Severa M, Fitzgerald KA, Finberg RW, Knipe DM, Kurt-Jones EA. Herpes simplex virus immediate-early ICP0 protein inhibits Toll-like receptor 2-dependent inflammatory responses and NF-kappaB signaling. J Virol. 2010 Oct; 84(20):10802-11.
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28. Rathinam VA, Fitzgerald KA. Inflammasomes and anti-viral immunity. J Clin Immunol. 2010 Sep; 30(5):632-7.
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29. Marchlik E, Thakker P, Carlson T, Jiang Z, Ryan M, Marusic S, Goutagny N, Kuang W, Askew GR, Roberts V, Benoit S, Zhou T, Ling V, Pfeifer R, Stedman N, Fitzgerald KA, Lin LL, Hall JP. Mice lacking Tbk1 activity exhibit immune cell infiltrates in multiple tissues and increased susceptibility to LPS-induced lethality. J Leukoc Biol. 2010 Dec; 88(6):1171-80.
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30. Zhou S, Cerny AM, Zacharia A, Fitzgerald KA, Kurt-Jones EA, Finberg RW. Induction and inhibition of type I interferon responses by distinct components of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. J Virol. 2010 Sep; 84(18):9452-62.
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31. Rathinam VA, Sharma S, Fitzgerald KA. Catenin' on to nucleic acid sensing. Nat Immunol. 2010 Jun; 11(6):466-8.
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32. Kim S, Bauernfeind F, Ablasser A, Hartmann G, Fitzgerald KA, Latz E, Hornung V. Listeria monocytogenes is sensed by the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome. Eur J Immunol. 2010 Jun; 40(6):1545-51.
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33. Madden SF, Carpenter SB, Jeffery IB, Björkbacka H, Fitzgerald KA, O'Neill LA, Higgins DG. Detecting microRNA activity from gene expression data. BMC Bioinformatics. 2010; 11:257.
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34. Sharma S, Fitzgerald KA. Viral defense: it takes two MAVS to Tango. Cell. 2010 May 14; 141(4):570-2.
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35. Bauer C, Duewell P, Mayer C, Lehr HA, Fitzgerald KA, Dauer M, Tschopp J, Endres S, Latz E, Schnurr M. Colitis induced in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Gut. 2010 Sep; 59(9):1192-9.
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36. Duewell P, Kono H, Rayner KJ, Sirois CM, Vladimer G, Bauernfeind FG, Abela GS, Franchi L, Nuñez G, Schnurr M, Espevik T, Lien E, Fitzgerald KA, Rock KL, Moore KJ, Wright SD, Hornung V, Latz E. NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals. Nature. 2010 Apr 29; 464(7293):1357-61.
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37. He X, Mekasha S, Mavrogiorgos N, Fitzgerald KA, Lien E, Ingalls RR. Inflammation and fibrosis during Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is regulated by IL-1 and the NLRP3/ASC inflammasome. J Immunol. 2010 May 15; 184(10):5743-54.
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38. Zhao H, Leu SW, Shi L, Dedaj R, Zhao G, Garg HG, Shen L, Lien E, Fitzgerald KA, Shiedlin A, Shen H, Quinn DA, Hales CA. TLR4 is a negative regulator in noninfectious lung inflammation. J Immunol. 2010 May 1; 184(9):5308-14.
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39. Nguyen TT, Johnsen IB, Knetter CF, Drabløs F, Fitzgerald KA, Lien E, Anthonsen MW. Differential gene expression downstream of Toll-like receptors (TLRs): role of c-Src and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). J Biol Chem. 2010 May 28; 285(22):17011-9.
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40. Rathinam VA, Jiang Z, Waggoner SN, Sharma S, Cole LE, Waggoner L, Vanaja SK, Monks BG, Ganesan S, Latz E, Hornung V, Vogel SN, Szomolanyi-Tsuda E, Fitzgerald KA. The AIM2 inflammasome is essential for host defense against cytosolic bacteria and DNA viruses. Nat Immunol. 2010 May; 11(5):395-402.
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41. Fitzgerald KA. NLR-containing inflammasomes: central mediators of host defense and inflammation. Eur J Immunol. 2010 Mar; 40(3):595-8.
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42. Goutagny N, Jiang Z, Tian J, Parroche P, Schickli J, Monks BG, Ulbrandt N, Ji H, Kiener PA, Coyle AJ, Fitzgerald KA. Cell type-specific recognition of human metapneumoviruses (HMPVs) by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and TLR7 and viral interference of RIG-I ligand recognition by HMPV-B1 phosphoprotein. J Immunol. 2010 Feb 1; 184(3):1168-79.
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43. Cole LE, Laird MH, Seekatz A, Santiago A, Jiang Z, Barry E, Shirey KA, Fitzgerald KA, Vogel SN. Phagosomal retention of Francisella tularensis results in TIRAP/Mal-independent TLR2 signaling. J Leukoc Biol. 2010 Feb; 87(2):275-81.
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44. Woo CW, Cui D, Arellano J, Dorweiler B, Harding H, Fitzgerald KA, Ron D, Tabas I. Adaptive suppression of the ATF4-CHOP branch of the unfolded protein response by toll-like receptor signalling. Nat Cell Biol. 2009 Dec; 11(12):1473-80.
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45. Balkhi MY, Fitzgerald KA, Pitha PM. IKKalpha negatively regulates IRF-5 function in a MyD88-TRAF6 pathway. Cell Signal. 2010 Jan; 22(1):117-27.
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46. Bryant C, Fitzgerald KA. Molecular mechanisms involved in inflammasome activation. Trends Cell Biol. 2009 Sep; 19(9):455-64.
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47. Robinson AJ, Kashanin D, O'Dowd F, Fitzgerald K, Williams V, Walsh GM. Fluvastatin and lovastatin inhibit granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor-stimulated human eosinophil adhesion to inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 under flow conditions. Clin Exp Allergy. 2009 Dec; 39(12):1866-74.
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48. Piao W, Song C, Chen H, Diaz MA, Wahl LM, Fitzgerald KA, Li L, Medvedev AE. Endotoxin tolerance dysregulates MyD88- and Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-beta-dependent pathways and increases expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling. J Leukoc Biol. 2009 Oct; 86(4):863-75.
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49. McWhirter SM, Barbalat R, Monroe KM, Fontana MF, Hyodo M, Joncker NT, Ishii KJ, Akira S, Colonna M, Chen ZJ, Fitzgerald KA, Hayakawa Y, Vance RE. A host type I interferon response is induced by cytosolic sensing of the bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-GMP. J Exp Med. 2009 Aug 31; 206(9):1899-911.
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50. Fitzgerald KA. Integr-ating IL-1 alpha in antiviral host defenses. Immunity. 2009 Jul 17; 31(1):7-9.
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51. Ablasser A, Bauernfeind F, Hartmann G, Latz E, Fitzgerald KA, Hornung V. RIG-I-dependent sensing of poly(dA:dT) through the induction of an RNA polymerase III-transcribed RNA intermediate. Nat Immunol. 2009 Oct; 10(10):1065-72.
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52. Pandey AK, Yang Y, Jiang Z, Fortune SM, Coulombe F, Behr MA, Fitzgerald KA, Sassetti CM, Kelliher MA. NOD2, RIP2 and IRF5 play a critical role in the type I interferon response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog. 2009 Jul; 5(7):e1000500.
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53. Schlee M, Roth A, Hornung V, Hagmann CA, Wimmenauer V, Barchet W, Coch C, Janke M, Mihailovic A, Wardle G, Juranek S, Kato H, Kawai T, Poeck H, Fitzgerald KA, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Tuschl T, Latz E, Ludwig J, Hartmann G. Recognition of 5' triphosphate by RIG-I helicase requires short blunt double-stranded RNA as contained in panhandle of negative-strand virus. Immunity. 2009 Jul 17; 31(1):25-34.
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54. Bauernfeind FG, Horvath G, Stutz A, Alnemri ES, MacDonald K, Speert D, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Wu J, Monks BG, Fitzgerald KA, Hornung V, Latz E. Cutting edge: NF-kappaB activating pattern recognition and cytokine receptors license NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating NLRP3 expression. J Immunol. 2009 Jul 15; 183(2):787-91.
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55. Nagpal K, Plantinga TS, Wong J, Monks BG, Gay NJ, Netea MG, Fitzgerald KA, Golenbock DT. A TIR domain variant of MyD88 adapter-like (Mal)/TIRAP results in loss of MyD88 binding and reduced TLR2/TLR4 signaling. J Biol Chem. 2009 Sep 18; 284(38):25742-8.
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56. Ablasser A, Poeck H, Anz D, Berger M, Schlee M, Kim S, Bourquin C, Goutagny N, Jiang Z, Fitzgerald KA, Rothenfusser S, Endres S, Hartmann G, Hornung V. Selection of molecular structure and delivery of RNA oligonucleotides to activate TLR7 versus TLR8 and to induce high amounts of IL-12p70 in primary human monocytes. J Immunol. 2009 Jun 1; 182(11):6824-33.
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57. Hise AG, Tomalka J, Ganesan S, Patel K, Hall BA, Brown GD, Fitzgerald KA. An essential role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in host defense against the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Cell Host Microbe. 2009 May 8; 5(5):487-97.
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58. Johnsen IB, Nguyen TT, Bergstroem B, Fitzgerald KA, Anthonsen MW. The tyrosine kinase c-Src enhances RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I)-elicited antiviral signaling. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jul 10; 284(28):19122-31.
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59. Kenzel S, Santos-Sierra S, Deshmukh SD, Moeller I, Ergin B, Fitzgerald KA, Lien E, Akira S, Golenbock DT, Henneke P. Role of p38 and early growth response factor 1 in the macrophage response to group B streptococcus. Infect Immun. 2009 Jun; 77(6):2474-81.
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60. Hornung V, Ablasser A, Charrel-Dennis M, Bauernfeind F, Horvath G, Caffrey DR, Latz E, Fitzgerald KA. AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1-activating inflammasome with ASC. Nature. 2009 Mar 26; 458(7237):514-8.
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61. Sun Y, Ishibashi M, Seimon T, Lee M, Sharma SM, Fitzgerald KA, Samokhin AO, Wang Y, Sayers S, Aikawa M, Jerome WG, Ostrowski MC, Bromme D, Libby P, Tabas IA, Welch CL, Tall AR. Free cholesterol accumulation in macrophage membranes activates Toll-like receptors and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and induces cathepsin K. Circ Res. 2009 Feb 27; 104(4):455-65.
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62. Charrel-Dennis M, Latz E, Halmen KA, Trieu-Cuot P, Fitzgerald KA, Kasper DL, Golenbock DT. TLR-independent type I interferon induction in response to an extracellular bacterial pathogen via intracellular recognition of its DNA. Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Dec 11; 4(6):543-54.
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63. Chessler AD, Ferreira LR, Chang TH, Fitzgerald KA, Burleigh BA. A novel IFN regulatory factor 3-dependent pathway activated by trypanosomes triggers IFN-beta in macrophages and fibroblasts. J Immunol. 2008 Dec 1; 181(11):7917-24.
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64. El Kasmi KC, Qualls JE, Pesce JT, Smith AM, Thompson RW, Henao-Tamayo M, Basaraba RJ, König T, Schleicher U, Koo MS, Kaplan G, Fitzgerald KA, Tuomanen EI, Orme IM, Kanneganti TD, Bogdan C, Wynn TA, Murray PJ. Toll-like receptor-induced arginase 1 in macrophages thwarts effective immunity against intracellular pathogens. Nat Immunol. 2008 Dec; 9(12):1399-406.
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65. Chen W, Lam SS, Srinath H, Jiang Z, Correia JJ, Schiffer CA, Fitzgerald KA, Lin K, Royer WE. Insights into interferon regulatory factor activation from the crystal structure of dimeric IRF5. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2008 Nov; 15(11):1213-20.
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66. Balkhi MY, Fitzgerald KA, Pitha PM. Functional regulation of MyD88-activated interferon regulatory factor 5 by K63-linked polyubiquitination. Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Dec; 28(24):7296-308.
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67. Geeraedts F, Goutagny N, Hornung V, Severa M, de Haan A, Pool J, Wilschut J, Fitzgerald KA, Huckriede A. Superior immunogenicity of inactivated whole virus H5N1 influenza vaccine is primarily controlled by Toll-like receptor signalling. PLoS Pathog. 2008; 4(8):e1000138.
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68. Liu X, Fitzgerald K, Kurt-Jones E, Finberg R, Knipe DM. Herpesvirus tegument protein activates NF-kappaB signaling through the TRAF6 adaptor protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 12; 105(32):11335-9.
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69. Higgs R, Ní Gabhann J, Ben Larbi N, Breen EP, Fitzgerald KA, Jefferies CA. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Ro52 negatively regulates IFN-beta production post-pathogen recognition by polyubiquitin-mediated degradation of IRF3. J Immunol. 2008 Aug 1; 181(3):1780-6.
  View in: PubMed
 
70. Halle A, Hornung V, Petzold GC, Stewart CR, Monks BG, Reinheckel T, Fitzgerald KA, Latz E, Moore KJ, Golenbock DT. The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid-beta. Nat Immunol. 2008 Aug; 9(8):857-65.
  View in: PubMed
 
71. Hornung V, Bauernfeind F, Halle A, Samstad EO, Kono H, Rock KL, Fitzgerald KA, Latz E. Silica crystals and aluminum salts activate the NALP3 inflammasome through phagosomal destabilization. Nat Immunol. 2008 Aug; 9(8):847-56.
  View in: PubMed
 
72. Paun A, Reinert JT, Jiang Z, Medin C, Balkhi MY, Fitzgerald KA, Pitha PM. Functional characterization of murine interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF-5) and its role in the innate antiviral response. J Biol Chem. 2008 May 23; 283(21):14295-308.
  View in: PubMed
 
73. Piao W, Song C, Chen H, Wahl LM, Fitzgerald KA, O'Neill LA, Medvedev AE. Tyrosine phosphorylation of MyD88 adapter-like (Mal) is critical for signal transduction and blocked in endotoxin tolerance. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 8; 283(6):3109-19.
  View in: PubMed
 
74. Noppert SJ, Fitzgerald KA, Hertzog PJ. The role of type I interferons in TLR responses. Immunol Cell Biol. 2007 Aug-Sep; 85(6):446-57.
  View in: PubMed
 
75. Fitzgerald KA, Golenbock DT. Immunology. The shape of things to come. Science. 2007 Jun 15; 316(5831):1574-6.
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76. Roberts ZJ, Goutagny N, Perera PY, Kato H, Kumar H, Kawai T, Akira S, Savan R, van Echo D, Fitzgerald KA, Young HA, Ching LM, Vogel SN. The chemotherapeutic agent DMXAA potently and specifically activates the TBK1-IRF-3 signaling axis. J Exp Med. 2007 Jul 9; 204(7):1559-69.
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77. Cook P, Tötemeyer S, Stevenson C, Fitzgerald KA, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Maskell DJ, Bryant CE. Salmonella-induced SipB-independent cell death requires Toll-like receptor-4 signalling via the adapter proteins Tram and Trif. Immunology. 2007 Oct; 122(2):222-9.
  View in: PubMed
 
78. Zhou S, Kurt-Jones EA, Fitzgerald KA, Wang JP, Cerny AM, Chan M, Finberg RW. Role of MyD88 in route-dependent susceptibility to vesicular stomatitis virus infection. J Immunol. 2007 Apr 15; 178(8):5173-81.
  View in: PubMed
 
79. Tian J, Avalos AM, Mao SY, Chen B, Senthil K, Wu H, Parroche P, Drabic S, Golenbock D, Sirois C, Hua J, An LL, Audoly L, La Rosa G, Bierhaus A, Naworth P, Marshak-Rothstein A, Crow MK, Fitzgerald KA, Latz E, Kiener PA, Coyle AJ. Toll-like receptor 9-dependent activation by DNA-containing immune complexes is mediated by HMGB1 and RAGE. Nat Immunol. 2007 May; 8(5):487-96.
  View in: PubMed
 
80. Miggin SM, PÃ¥lsson-McDermott E, Dunne A, Jefferies C, Pinteaux E, Banahan K, Murphy C, Moynagh P, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Rothwell N, Golenbock D, Fitzgerald KA, O'Neill LA. NF-kappaB activation by the Toll-IL-1 receptor domain protein MyD88 adapter-like is regulated by caspase-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Feb 27; 104(9):3372-7.
  View in: PubMed
 
81. Bowie AG, Fitzgerald KA. RIG-I: tri-ing to discriminate between self and non-self RNA. Trends Immunol. 2007 Apr; 28(4):147-50.
  View in: PubMed
 
82. Hise AG, Daehnel K, Gillette-Ferguson I, Cho E, McGarry HF, Taylor MJ, Golenbock DT, Fitzgerald KA, Kazura JW, Pearlman E. Innate immune responses to endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria in Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus are dependent on TLR2, TLR6, MyD88, and Mal, but not TLR4, TRIF, or TRAM. J Immunol. 2007 Jan 15; 178(2):1068-76.
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83. Severa M, Fitzgerald KA. TLR-mediated activation of type I IFN during antiviral immune responses: fighting the battle to win the war. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2007; 316:167-92.
  View in: PubMed
 
84. Severa M, Coccia EM, Fitzgerald KA. Toll-like receptor-dependent and -independent viperin gene expression and counter-regulation by PRDI-binding factor-1/BLIMP1. J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 8; 281(36):26188-95.
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85. Mitchell JA, Fitzgerald KA, Coyle A, Silverman N, Cartwright N. TOLLing away in Brazil. Nat Immunol. 2006 Jul; 7(7):675-9.
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86. Goutagny N, Fitzgerald KA. Pattern recognition receptors: an update. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2006 Jul; 2(4):569-83.
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87. Yang X, Murthy V, Schultz K, Tatro JB, Fitzgerald KA, Beasley D. Toll-like receptor 3 signaling evokes a proinflammatory and proliferative phenotype in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Nov; 291(5):H2334-43.
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88. McGettrick AF, Brint EK, Palsson-McDermott EM, Rowe DC, Golenbock DT, Gay NJ, Fitzgerald KA, O'Neill LA. Trif-related adapter molecule is phosphorylated by PKC{epsilon} during Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jun 13; 103(24):9196-201.
  View in: PubMed
 
89. Fitzgerald KA, Chen ZJ. Sorting out Toll signals. Cell. 2006 Jun 2; 125(5):834-6.
  View in: PubMed
 
90. Goutagny N, Severa M, Fitzgerald KA. Pin-ning down immune responses to RNA viruses. Nat Immunol. 2006 Jun; 7(6):555-7.
  View in: PubMed
 
91. Rowe DC, McGettrick AF, Latz E, Monks BG, Gay NJ, Yamamoto M, Akira S, O'Neill LA, Fitzgerald KA, Golenbock DT. The myristoylation of TRIF-related adaptor molecule is essential for Toll-like receptor 4 signal transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 18; 103(16):6299-304.
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92. Rothenfusser S, Goutagny N, DiPerna G, Gong M, Monks BG, Schoenemeyer A, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Fitzgerald KA. The RNA helicase Lgp2 inhibits TLR-independent sensing of viral replication by retinoic acid-inducible gene-I. J Immunol. 2005 Oct 15; 175(8):5260-8.
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93. Youn HS, Lee JY, Fitzgerald KA, Young HA, Akira S, Hwang DH. Specific inhibition of MyD88-independent signaling pathways of TLR3 and TLR4 by resveratrol: molecular targets are TBK1 and RIP1 in TRIF complex. J Immunol. 2005 Sep 1; 175(5):3339-46.
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94. Jefferies CA, Fitzgerald KA. Interferon gene regulation: not all roads lead to Tolls. Trends Mol Med. 2005 Sep; 11(9):403-11.
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95. Medin CL, Fitzgerald KA, Rothman AL. Dengue virus nonstructural protein NS5 induces interleukin-8 transcription and secretion. J Virol. 2005 Sep; 79(17):11053-61.
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96. Cusson-Hermance N, Khurana S, Lee TH, Fitzgerald KA, Kelliher MA. Rip1 mediates the Trif-dependent toll-like receptor 3- and 4-induced NF-{kappa}B activation but does not contribute to interferon regulatory factor 3 activation. J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 4; 280(44):36560-6.
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97. Stack J, Haga IR, Schröder M, Bartlett NW, Maloney G, Reading PC, Fitzgerald KA, Smith GL, Bowie AG. Vaccinia virus protein A46R targets multiple Toll-like-interleukin-1 receptor adaptors and contributes to virulence. J Exp Med. 2005 Mar 21; 201(6):1007-18.
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98. Schoenemeyer A, Barnes BJ, Mancl ME, Latz E, Goutagny N, Pitha PM, Fitzgerald KA, Golenbock DT. The interferon regulatory factor, IRF5, is a central mediator of toll-like receptor 7 signaling. J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 29; 280(17):17005-12.
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99. Fitzgerald KA, Rowe DC, Golenbock DT. Endotoxin recognition and signal transduction by the TLR4/MD2-complex. Microbes Infect. 2004 Dec; 6(15):1361-7.
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100. Silverman N, Fitzgerald K. DUBbing down innate immunity. Nat Immunol. 2004 Oct; 5(10):1010-2.
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101. Björkbacka H, Fitzgerald KA, Huet F, Li X, Gregory JA, Lee MA, Ordija CM, Dowley NE, Golenbock DT, Freeman MW. The induction of macrophage gene expression by LPS predominantly utilizes Myd88-independent signaling cascades. Physiol Genomics. 2004 Nov 17; 19(3):319-30.
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102. DiPerna G, Stack J, Bowie AG, Boyd A, Kotwal G, Zhang Z, Arvikar S, Latz E, Fitzgerald KA, Marshall WL. Poxvirus protein N1L targets the I-kappaB kinase complex, inhibits signaling to NF-kappaB by the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of receptors, and inhibits NF-kappaB and IRF3 signaling by toll-like receptors. J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 27; 279(35):36570-8.
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103. Abdel-Latif MM, Windle HJ, Fitzgerald KA, Ang YS, Eidhin DN, Li-Weber M, Sabra K, Kelleher D. Helicobacter pylori activates the early growth response 1 protein in gastric epithelial cells. Infect Immun. 2004 Jun; 72(6):3549-60.
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104. Liberati NT, Fitzgerald KA, Kim DH, Feinbaum R, Golenbock DT, Ausubel FM. Requirement for a conserved Toll/interleukin-1 resistance domain protein in the Caenorhabditis elegans immune response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Apr 27; 101(17):6593-8.
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105. Lee JY, Zhao L, Youn HS, Weatherill AR, Tapping R, Feng L, Lee WH, Fitzgerald KA, Hwang DH. Saturated fatty acid activates but polyunsaturated fatty acid inhibits Toll-like receptor 2 dimerized with Toll-like receptor 6 or 1. J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 23; 279(17):16971-9.
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106. Latz E, Schoenemeyer A, Visintin A, Fitzgerald KA, Monks BG, Knetter CF, Lien E, Nilsen NJ, Espevik T, Golenbock DT. TLR9 signals after translocating from the ER to CpG DNA in the lysosome. Nat Immunol. 2004 Feb; 5(2):190-8.
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107. McWhirter SM, Fitzgerald KA, Rosains J, Rowe DC, Golenbock DT, Maniatis T. IFN-regulatory factor 3-dependent gene expression is defective in Tbk1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jan 6; 101(1):233-8.
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108. Vogel SN, Fitzgerald KA, Fenton MJ. TLRs: differential adapter utilization by toll-like receptors mediates TLR-specific patterns of gene expression. Mol Interv. 2003 Dec; 3(8):466-77.
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109. Fitzgerald KA, Rowe DC, Barnes BJ, Caffrey DR, Visintin A, Latz E, Monks B, Pitha PM, Golenbock DT. LPS-TLR4 signaling to IRF-3/7 and NF-kappaB involves the toll adapters TRAM and TRIF. J Exp Med. 2003 Oct 6; 198(7):1043-55.
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110. O'Neill LA, Fitzgerald KA, Bowie AG. The Toll-IL-1 receptor adaptor family grows to five members. Trends Immunol. 2003 Jun; 24(6):286-90.
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111. Fitzgerald KA, McWhirter SM, Faia KL, Rowe DC, Latz E, Golenbock DT, Coyle AJ, Liao SM, Maniatis T. IKKepsilon and TBK1 are essential components of the IRF3 signaling pathway. Nat Immunol. 2003 May; 4(5):491-6.
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112. Brint EK, Fitzgerald KA, Smith P, Coyle AJ, Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Fallon PG, O'Neill LA. Characterization of signaling pathways activated by the interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor homologue T1/ST2. A role for Jun N-terminal kinase in IL-4 induction. J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 20; 277(51):49205-11.
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113. Vollrath B, Pudney J, Asa S, Leder P, Fitzgerald K. Isolation of a murine homologue of the Drosophila neuralized gene, a gene required for axonemal integrity in spermatozoa and terminal maturation of the mammary gland. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Nov; 21(21):7481-94.
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114. Fitzgerald KA, Palsson-McDermott EM, Bowie AG, Jefferies CA, Mansell AS, Brady G, Brint E, Dunne A, Gray P, Harte MT, McMurray D, Smith DE, Sims JE, Bird TA, O'Neill LA. Mal (MyD88-adapter-like) is required for Toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction. Nature. 2001 Sep 6; 413(6851):78-83.
  View in: PubMed
 
115. Bielli A, Thörnqvist PO, Hendrick AG, Finn R, Fitzgerald K, McCaffrey MW. The small GTPase Rab4A interacts with the central region of cytoplasmic dynein light intermediate chain-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Mar; 281(5):1141-53.
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116. Fitzgerald K, Harrington A, Leder P. Ras pathway signals are required for notch-mediated oncogenesis. Oncogene. 2000 Aug 31; 19(37):4191-8.
  View in: PubMed
 
117. Boland MP, Fitzgerald KA, O'Neill LA. Topoisomerase II is required for mitoxantrone to signal nuclear factor kappa B activation in HL60 cells. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 18; 275(33):25231-8.
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118. Fitzgerald KA, O'Neill LA. The role of the interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor superfamily in inflammation and host defence. Microbes Infect. 2000 Jul; 2(8):933-43.
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119. Fitzgerald KA, Bowie AG, Skeffington BS, O'Neill LA. Ras, protein kinase C zeta, and I kappa B kinases 1 and 2 are downstream effectors of CD44 during the activation of NF-kappa B by hyaluronic acid fragments in T-24 carcinoma cells. J Immunol. 2000 Feb 15; 164(4):2053-63.
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120. Fitzgerald KA, O'Neill LA. Characterization of CD44 induction by IL-1: a critical role for Egr-1. J Immunol. 1999 Apr 15; 162(8):4920-7.
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121. Fitzgerald K, O'Neill LA. Induction of the adhesion molecule CD44 by the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 in endothelial cells. Biochem Soc Trans. 1997 May; 25(2):185S.
  View in: PubMed
 
122. Fitzgerald K, Greenwald I. Interchangeability of Caenorhabditis elegans DSL proteins and intrinsic signalling activity of their extracellular domains in vivo. Development. 1995 Dec; 121(12):4275-82.
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123. Wilkinson HA, Fitzgerald K, Greenwald I. Reciprocal changes in expression of the receptor lin-12 and its ligand lag-2 prior to commitment in a C. elegans cell fate decision. Cell. 1994 Dec 30; 79(7):1187-98.
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124. Fitzgerald K, Wilkinson HA, Greenwald I. glp-1 can substitute for lin-12 in specifying cell fate decisions in Caenorhabditis elegans. Development. 1993 Dec; 119(4):1019-27.
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125. Struhl G, Fitzgerald K, Greenwald I. Intrinsic activity of the Lin-12 and Notch intracellular domains in vivo. Cell. 1993 Jul 30; 74(2):331-45.
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126. Fox DA, Hussey RE, Fitzgerald KA, Bensussan A, Daley JF, Schlossman SF, Reinherz EL. Activation of human thymocytes via the 50KD T11 sheep erythrocyte binding protein induces the expression of interleukin 2 receptors on both T3+ and T3- populations. J Immunol. 1985 Jan; 134(1):330-5.
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127. Fox DA, Hussey RE, Fitzgerald KA, Acuto O, Poole C, Palley L, Daley JF, Schlossman SF, Reinherz EL. Ta1, a novel 105 KD human T cell activation antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody. J Immunol. 1984 Sep; 133(3):1250-6.
  View in: PubMed
 
128. Meuer SC, Hussey RE, Fabbi M, Fox D, Acuto O, Fitzgerald KA, Hodgdon JC, Protentis JP, Schlossman SF, Reinherz EL. An alternative pathway of T-cell activation: a functional role for the 50 kd T11 sheep erythrocyte receptor protein. Cell. 1984 Apr; 36(4):897-906.
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129. Meuer SC, Cooper DA, Hodgdon JC, Hussey RE, Fitzgerald KA, Schlossman SF, Reinherz EL. Identification of the receptor for antigen and major histocompatibility complex on human inducer T lymphocytes. Science. 1983 Dec 16; 222(4629):1239-42.
  View in: PubMed
 
130. Acuto O, Hussey RE, Fitzgerald KA, Protentis JP, Meuer SC, Schlossman SF, Reinherz EL. The human T cell receptor: appearance in ontogeny and biochemical relationship of alpha and beta subunits on IL-2 dependent clones and T cell tumors. Cell. 1983 Oct; 34(3):717-26.
  View in: PubMed
 
131. Meuer SC, Hodgdon JC, Cooper DA, Hussey RE, Fitzgerald KA, Schlossman SF, Reinherz EL. Human cytotoxic T cell clones directed at autologous virus-transformed targets: further evidence for linkage of genetic restriction to T4 and T8 surface glycoproteins. J Immunol. 1983 Jul; 131(1):186-90.
  View in: PubMed
 
132. Meuer SC, Fitzgerald KA, Hussey RE, Hodgdon JC, Schlossman SF, Reinherz EL. Clonotypic structures involved in antigen-specific human T cell function. Relationship to the T3 molecular complex. J Exp Med. 1983 Feb 1; 157(2):705-19.
  View in: PubMed
 
133. Reinherz EL, Meuer S, Fitzgerald KA, Hussey RE, Levine H, Schlossman SF. Antigen recognition by human T lymphocytes is linked to surface expression of the T3 molecular complex. Cell. 1982 Oct; 30(3):735-43.
  View in: PubMed
 
134. Meuer SC, Hussey RE, Penta AC, Fitzgerald KA, Stadler BM, Schlossman SF, Reinherz EL. Cellular origin of interleukin 2 (IL 2) in man: evidence for stimulus-restricted IL 2 production by T4+ and T8+ T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1982 Sep; 129(3):1076-9.
  View in: PubMed
 
135. Reinherz EL, Morimoto C, Fitzgerald KA, Hussey RE, Daley JF, Schlossman SF. Heterogeneity of human T4+ inducer T cells defined by a monoclonal antibody that delineates two functional subpopulations. J Immunol. 1982 Jan; 128(1):463-8.
  View in: PubMed
 
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