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Aroian, Raffi
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The Aroian Group studies human/animal parasitic nematodes as well as bacterial toxins.

Our main goal is to discover new and superior treatments for human soil-transmitted helminths (intestinal nematode parasites).  These parasites, aka hookworm, whipworm, and Ascaris (large roundworm) infect upwards of 2 billion people in the world and are leading causes of childhood stunting (physical/cognitive), malutrition, adverse preganancy outcomes, loss of productivity... worldwide.  For example, when once prevalent in the United States, it is estimated that hookworm-infected US children made 40% less money when they grew up than uninfected peers. These parasites are major causes of poverty worldwide.  In addition, the drugs we have now to treat these infections are inadequate to treat some of the parasites and inadequate to eradicate all of them.  We are discovering and developing new de-worming (anthelmintic) compounds with superior characteristics to those currently in use and developing novel delivery strategies to make these compounds available widely and cheaply in the developing world. We are also studying how anthelmintic compounds work and how parasite resistance can be overcome.

We are also studying how these parasites interact with their host.  In particular, we are interested in studying how these parasites modulate the host and host immune system in a way that might control autoimmune diseases.

Another group in the laboratory uses the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to study how bacterial pore-forming toxins work and how the innate immune system protects against bacterial toxin attack.  Since pore-forming toxins are by far the most common mechanism pathogenic bacteria use to attack us, these studies have important implications in the control of bacterial pathogens and diseases, such as those caused by Staphyloccocus and Streptococcus.
One or more keywords matched the following items that are connected to Aroian, Raffi
Item TypeName
Concept Caenorhabditis elegans
Concept Caenorhabditis
Concept Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins
Academic Article The anaphase-promoting complex and separin are required for embryonic anterior-posterior axis formation.
Academic Article The coronin-like protein POD-1 is required for anterior-posterior axis formation and cellular architecture in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans.
Academic Article Activation of the unfolded protein response is required for defenses against bacterial pore-forming toxin in vivo.
Academic Article Neuronal Goa and CAPS regulate behavioral and immune responses to bacterial pore-forming toxins.
Academic Article Assays for toxicity studies in C. elegans with Bt crystal proteins.
Academic Article Nervous about immunity: neuronal signals control innate immune system.
Academic Article RAB-5- and RAB-11-dependent vesicle-trafficking pathways are required for plasma membrane repair after attack by bacterial pore-forming toxin.
Academic Article Caenorhabditis elegans carbohydrates in bacterial toxin resistance.
Academic Article Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin in Caenorhabditis elegans from loss of fucose.
Academic Article Global functional analyses of cellular responses to pore-forming toxins.
Academic Article Glycolipids as receptors for Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin.
Academic Article Mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans let-23 EGFR-like gene define elements important for cell-type specificity and function.
Academic Article Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins that target nematodes.
Academic Article Resistance is non-futile: resistance to Cry5B in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Academic Article Splicing in Caenorhabditis elegans does not require an AG at the 3' splice acceptor site.
Academic Article The let-23 gene necessary for Caenorhabditis elegans vulval induction encodes a tyrosine kinase of the EGF receptor subfamily.
Academic Article Multiple functions of let-23, a Caenorhabditis elegans receptor tyrosine kinase gene required for vulval induction.
Academic Article The let-60 locus controls the switch between vulval and nonvulval cell fates in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Academic Article Novel role for the yceGH tellurite resistance genes in the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis.
Academic Article Nitazoxanide: nematicidal mode of action and drug combination studies.
Academic Article Hypoxia and the hypoxic response pathway protect against pore-forming toxins in C. elegans.
Academic Article The pore-forming protein Cry5B elicits the pathogenicity of Bacillus sp. against Caenorhabditis elegans.
Academic Article Resistance to a bacterial toxin is mediated by removal of a conserved glycosylation pathway required for toxin-host interactions.
Academic Article WWP-1 is a novel modulator of the DAF-2 insulin-like signaling network involved in pore-forming toxin cellular defenses in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Academic Article Involvement of fatty acid pathways and cortical interaction of the pronuclear complex in Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic polarity.
Academic Article Discovery of a highly synergistic anthelmintic combination that shows mutual hypersusceptibility.
Academic Article Isolation of actin-associated proteins from Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes and their localization in the early embryo.
Academic Article Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin susceptibility and isolation of resistance mutants in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Academic Article Pod-2, along with pod-1, defines a new class of genes required for polarity in the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo.
Academic Article Pore worms: using Caenorhabditis elegans to study how bacterial toxins interact with their target host.
Academic Article Bt toxin resistance from loss of a putative carbohydrate-modifying enzyme.
Academic Article Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways defend against bacterial pore-forming toxins.
Academic Article Protection and Delivery of Anthelmintic Protein Cry5B to Nematodes Using Mesoporous Silicon Particles.
Academic Article Intracellular and Extracellular Expression of Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal Protein Cry5B in Lactococcus lactis for Use as an Anthelminthic.
Academic Article The pesticidal Cry6Aa toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis is structurally similar to HlyE-family alpha pore-forming toxins.
Academic Article HLH-30/TFEB-mediated autophagy functions in a cell-autonomous manner for epithelium intrinsic cellular defense against bacterial pore-forming toxin in C. elegans.
Academic Article Drug Screening for Discovery of Broad-spectrum Agents for Soil-transmitted Nematodes.
Academic Article C. elegans monitor energy status via the AMPK pathway to trigger innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens.
Academic Article A Caenorhabditis elegans nck-1 and filamentous actin-regulating protein pathway mediates a key cellular defense against bacterial pore-forming proteins.
Academic Article Variation in anthelmintic responses are driven by genetic differences among diverse C. elegans wild strains.
Academic Article PRMT-7/PRMT7 activates HLH-30/TFEB to guard plasma membrane integrity compromised by bacterial pore-forming toxins.
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  • Caenorhabditis