Nuclear Medicine Physics Imaging Research Interests

• Correction for causes of image degradation in nuclear medicine such as attenuation, distance-dependent spatial-resolution, and scatter
• Detection, estimation, and correction of all forms of patient motion during imaging
• Tomographic image reconstruction for SPECT and PET.
• Combination of CT with SPECT and PET
• Design of the next generation of SPECT Imaging Systems
• Assessment of image quality by task performance studies using human and numerical observers.
• Quantification of activity and assessment of physiological function.
• Image segmentation and computer vision applications in nuclear medicine.
• Reduction in radiation dose to patients and personnel
• Applications of Deep Learning in Nuclear Medicine

One example of the research accomplishments of the laboratory is our work on the detection and compensation of patient motion during the up to 16 minute period which the patient is required to remain motionless for nuclear medicine studies. We have taken the approach of combining estimates of patient motion as determined from the nuclear medicine images themselves with information from our visual-tracking system (VTS) which tracks the motion of retro-reflective markers on stretchy bands wrapped about the patient to provide a combined correction of respiratory and bodily motion. Once motion is determined it is corrected by inclusion in iterative reconstruction as illustrated in the following figure. These investigations are funded by NIH grant R01-HL122484.

Clinical SPECT images showing benefits of respiratory motion correction (RM) as noted in top row versus second row which is without RM correction.

Another example of our current interests is the development of a multi-pinhole collimator (MPH) for use on one gamma-camera head of a general purpose SPECT system in combination with a fan-beam collimator on the second camera head for high resolution / sensitivity imaging of the striatal region of the brain in I-123 DaTscan imaging for Parkinson’s Disease. A rendering of the collimator is shown below followed by reconstructed simulated images of the strata for MPH, Fan, and Combined imaging. These investigations are funded by NIH grant R01-EB022092.

Rendering of the MPH collimator showing the aperture plate with 9 pinholes.

A. Example XCAT transverse slice multi-pinhole (MPH) collimator noise-free reconstructions through substantia nigra (left) and the caudate and putamen (right) for 15, 30, and 60 angles for VOI over striata. B. Same for low-energy ultra-high-resolution (LEUHR) fan-beam only collimator reconstruction. C. Same for combined reconstruction using MPH and LEUHR fan-beam collimators. D. Matching slices through original XCAT DaTscan source distribution for substantia nigra (top), and caudate and putamen (bottom) with 8:1 striatal to rest of brain  concentration ratio, and no activity in the ventricles. Note that separation of caudate and putamen can be seen in combined reconstruction.

The third example of our current investigations is the development of a multi-detector-module multi-pinhole (MPH) SPECT brain-imaging system ideally suited for quantitative dynamic and high-spatial-resolution static SPECT imaging. Dynamic imaging will be enabled by obtaining sufficient angular sampling without the need for rotation. The system will automatically adapt its imaging characteristics (aperture size and number of pinholes open for imaging) in response to the imaging tasks and individual patients. It will thereby optimize lesion detection and quantification, as well as provide optimal data for pharmacokinetic analysis within structures throughout the brain. The prototype design for this system is illustrated in the following computer aided design (CAD) drawings.  These investigations are funded by NIH grant R01-EB022521.

Shown left is a frontal view and right is a view from behind of SolidWorks CAD renderings of the proposed prototype configuration of the 23 detectors of the system dedicated to brain SPECT imaging. Shown are detector modules with MPH aperture plates towards the brain and circular scintillation detector crystals opposed to them.

Current Teaching

Physics of Radiology for Residents A year long course starting in August each year consisting of one-hour lectures plus quizzes on Wednesday mornings each week.

Physics Review for Radiology Residents Taking the ABR Exam : Lectures, demonstrations, and practice question review for physics portion of ABR exam from January to June.

List of Graduate Students and Post-Doctoral Fellows

Honors and Awards

1. Graduated Magna Cum Laude from the State University of New York at Oswego in 1969
2. Anne-Dorte Achtert, 4th year medical student from Humboldt University, Berlin. Advisor for 1 year research fellowship under Biomedical Sciences Exchange Program, 1996-1997. Manuscript based on directed research (JNC 5:144-152, 1997) won the Best Scientific Paper Award from the Journal of Nuclear Cardiology for 1998.
3. Daniel deVries, thesis advisor for Doctor's degree (1996) in Biomedical Engineering from Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Paper based on thesis work (JNM 40:1011-1023, 1999) received The Journal of Nuclear Medicine's First Place Award for Outstanding Basic Science Manuscript for 1999.
4. Ed Hoffman Memorial Award for Outstanding Scientific Contributions to the Field of Computers and Instrumentation in Nuclear Medicine. From Society of Nuclear Medicine Computer and Instrumentation Council. June 5, 2006.
5. Teacher of the Year Award for excellence in teaching presented by the residents of the Department of Radiology, UMMS, June 11, 2008.
6. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society 2015 Edward J Hoffman Medical Imaging Scientist Award for contributions to clinical nuclear medicine imaging, especially compensation for realistic physical effects and motion in image reconstruction, emission and transmission imaging geometries, and task-based evaluation methods. Nov 4, 2015.
7. Charter Member of the Biomedical Imaging Technology-A Study Section, Center for Scientific Review, NIH, from July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2020.
8. Fellow Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. June 14, 2020

Current Grant Support

1. NIH, No R01-EB022092, Combined Multi-Pinhole and Fan-Beam Brain SPECT. M. A. King, PI, 5/18/2016-2/29/2021 (no cost extension).
2. NIH, No. R01 EB022521, AdaptiSPECT-C: A Next-Generation, Adaptive Brain-Imaging SPECT System for Drug Discovery and Clinical Imaging, M. A. King, contact PI, L. Furenlid, MPI, G. Zubal, MPI, 9/1/2016-8/30/2021.
3. NIH, No. R21 EB027250, Wave-Cam: A novel micro-radar imaging array for non-rigid motion estimation in hybrid medical imaging, C. Lindsay, PI, 9/21/2019 – 6/30/2022, Role: Co-investigator.
4. NIH, No. R01 EB029315, Improving Pediatric SPECT Imaging: Enhanced Lesion Detection with Dose Reduction through Advanced Reconstruction and Motion Correction, M. A. King, contact PI, F. Fahey, MPI, Y. Yang, MPI, 6/01/2020 – 0/29/2024.
5. NIH, No. R01 HL154687, Optimization of diagnostic accuracy, radiation dose, and patient throughput for cardiac SPECT via advanced and clinically practical cardiac-respiratory motion correction and deep learning, W. Wernick, contact PI, M. A. King, MPI, 06/01/20-05/31/24.
6. NIH, No. R15 HL150708, Attenuation correction strategies for myocardial perfusion imaging using dual-gated, M. Jin, PI 8/05/2020 – 07/31/2023, $300,000, Role: Co-investigator.