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John E Ware PhD

TitleProfessor Emeritus
InstitutionUMass Chan Medical School
DepartmentPopulation and Quantitative Health Sciences
AddressUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School
55 Lake Avenue North
Worcester MA 01655
Phone508-856-8994
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    Other Positions
    InstitutionT.H. Chan School of Medicine
    DepartmentPopulation and Quantitative Health Sciences

    InstitutionMorningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
    DepartmentPopulation Health Sciences


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    Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United StatesBAPsychology
    Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, United StatesMAPsychology
    Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, United StatesPHDEducational Measurent & Statis

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    Biography:

    Prior to joining the UMMS faculty, Dr. Ware founded QualityMetric Incorporated and served as its CEO and Chairman for more than 10 years. He served for 12 years as Senior Scientist, The Health Institute, Tufts Medical Center in Boston, and was the Principal Investigator for the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), where he led the development of the SF-36® Health Survey and other tools widely used in documenting disease burden and treatment outcomes. Prior to moving to Boston he was Senior Research Psychologist for 14 years at the RAND Corporation where he led the development of health status measures used in the Health Insurance Experiment.

    He has published more than 400 peer-reviewed articles, including papers from the MOS which received the Academy Health "Article of the Year" Award for 1993. In the early 1990's, Dr. Ware was among the first to demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of computerized adaptive testing and other "modern" psychometric methods in assessing generic and disease-specific health outcomes. These studies led to the cross-calibration of the SF-36® Health Survey and other widely-used measures on common metrics so that results from different instruments could be compared. This novel work has been applied to numerous medical conditions and has had a substantial impact on the field, leading to a 2003 President's Award from the International Society of Quality of Life Research. His other awards and honors include Pepperdine University's 25th Annual Dolores Award to the outstanding graduate in psychology and education, Academy Health’s 1994 Distinguished Investigator Award for "significant and long-lasting contributions to the field of health services research," the 1998 Novartis/Zitter Group Outcomes Leadership Award for advancing the science of outcomes research, and the 1999 Foundation for Accountability (FACCT) Ellwood Award, presented in recognition of his lifetime efforts to create "a consumer-focused, accountable healthcare system". In 2002, Dr. Ware was the first recipient of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Avedis Donabedian Outcomes Research Lifetime Achievement Award.

    Academic Background:

    1964 BA Psychology Pepperdine University, Los Angeles, CA

    1966 MA General Psychology Pepperdine University, Los Angeles, CA

    1974 Ph.D. Measurements/Statistics Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL

    Research: John Ware pic

    Dr. John E. Ware, Jr., Ph.D, President and CEO, John Ware Research Group, Inc. and is Professor and Chief, Outcomes Measurement Science in the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences at the University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS). He is an internationally recognized leader of the field of healthcare outcomes assessment and a member of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), National Academy of Sciences.

    Dr Ware's research focuses onimproving patient reported outcomes (PRO) tools used in population health surveys and clinical research worldwide.



    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Williams P, Herring TA, Yokota RTC, Maia T, Venkatesan S, Marcus JC, Settergren G, Arnetorp S, Lloyd A, Severens JL, Varni JW, Dixon S, Hamusankwa L, Powell PA, Taylor S, Ware JE, Krol M. The Association Between Physical Distancing Behaviors to Avoid COVID-19 and Health-Related Quality of Life in Immunocompromised and Nonimmunocompromised Individuals: Patient-Informed Protocol for the Observational, Cross-Sectional EAGLE Study. JMIR Res Protoc. 2024 Aug 13; 13:e52643. PMID: 39137022.
      Citations:    
    2. Smith AB, Ware JE, Aluko P, Kulasekaran A. The validity of single-item measures of health-related quality of life across groups differing in acute respiratory symptom severity. Qual Life Res. 2024 Oct; 33(10):2773-2780. PMID: 39096424.
      Citations:    
    3. Shibagaki Y, Yamazaki H, Wakita T, Ware JE, Wang J, Onishi Y, Yajima T, Sada KE, Yamamoto Y, Fukuhara S. Impact of treatment of hyperkalaemia on quality of life: design of a prospective observational cohort study of long-term management of hyperkalaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease or chronic heart failure in Japan. BMJ Open. 2023 12 14; 13(12):e074090. PMID: 38101840.
      Citations:    
    4. Ware JE. Foreword to Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons PROMs Special Issue: Why Use PROMs in Orthopaedic Surgery? J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2023 10 15; 31(20):1047. PMID: 37494701.
      Citations:    
    5. Ware JE, Coutinho G, Smith AB, Tselenti E, Kulasekaran A. The effects of greater frequency of two most prevalent bothersome acute respiratory symptoms on health-related quality of life in the 2020 US general population. Qual Life Res. 2023 Apr; 32(4):1043-1051. PMID: 36905563.
      Citations:    
    6. Fukuhara S, Yamazaki H, Wakita T, Ware JE, Wang J, Onishi Y, Yajima T, Sada K, Yamamoto Y, Shibagaki Y. Validation of a new instrument for measuring disease-specific quality of life: A pilot study among patients with chronic kidney disease and hyperkalemia. Ann Clin Epidemiol. 2023; 5(1):13-19. PMID: 38505376.
      Citations:    
    7. McEntee ML, Gandek B, Ware JE. Improving multimorbidity measurement using individualized disease-specific quality of life impact assessments: predictive validity of a new comorbidity index. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2022 Jul 12; 20(1):108. PMID: 35820890.
      Citations:    
    8. Braden BB, Pagni BA, Monahan L, Walsh MJM, Dixon MV, Delaney S, Ballard L, Ware JE. Quality of life in adults with autism spectrum disorder: influence of age, sex, and a controlled, randomized mindfulness-based stress reduction pilot intervention. Qual Life Res. 2022 May; 31(5):1427-1440. PMID: 34655389.
      Citations:    
    9. Frendl DM, FitzGerald G, Epstein MM, Allison JJ, Sokoloff MH, Ware JE. Predicting the 10-year risk of death from other causes in men with localized prostate cancer using patient-reported factors: Development of a tool. PLoS One. 2020; 15(12):e0240039. PMID: 33284845.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    10. Abu HO, Saczynski JS, Ware J, Mehawej J, Paul T, Awad H, Bamgbade BA, Pierre-Louis IC, Tisminetzky M, Kiefe CI, Goldberg RJ, McManus DD. Impact of comorbid conditions on disease-specific quality of life in older men and women with atrial fibrillation. Qual Life Res. 2020 Dec; 29(12):3285-3296. PMID: 32656722.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    11. Brazier JE, Mulhern BJ, Bjorner JB, Gandek B, Rowen D, Alonso J, Vilagut G, Ware JE. Developing a New Version of the SF-6D Health State Classification System From the SF-36v2: SF-6Dv2. Med Care. 2020 06; 58(6):557-565. PMID: 32412942.
      Citations: 30     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    12. Ware JE, Richardson MM, Meyer KB, Gandek B. Improving CKD-Specific Patient-Reported Measures of Health-Related Quality of Life. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019 04; 30(4):664-677. PMID: 30898870.
      Citations: 11     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    13. Gandek B, Ware JE. Validity and Responsiveness of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score: A Comparative Study Among Total Knee Replacement Patients. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017 06; 69(6):817-825. PMID: 28085998.
      Citations: 10     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    14. Liegl G, Gandek B, Fischer HF, Bjorner JB, Ware JE, Rose M, Fries JF, Nolte S. Varying the item format improved the range of measurement in patient-reported outcome measures assessing physical function. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017 03 21; 19(1):66. PMID: 28320462.
      Citations: 4     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    15. Ware JE, Gandek B, Guyer R, Deng N. Standardizing disease-specific quality of life measures across multiple chronic conditions: development and initial evaluation of the QOL Disease Impact Scale (QDIS?). Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016 Jun 02; 14:84. PMID: 27255462.
      Citations: 31     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    16. Ware JE, Gandek B, Allison J. The Validity of Disease-specific Quality of Life Attributions Among Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions. Int J Stat Med Res. 2016; 5(1):17-40. PMID: 27087882.
      Citations:    
    17. Watt T, Bjorner JB, Groenvold M, Cramon P, Winther KH, Heged?s L, Bonnema SJ, Rasmussen ?K, Ware JE, Feldt-Rasmussen U. Development of a Short Version of the Thyroid-Related Patient-Reported Outcome ThyPRO. Thyroid. 2015 Oct; 25(10):1069-79. PMID: 26214034.
      Citations: 43     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    18. Ware JE, Gandek B, Kulasekaran A, Guyer R. Evaluation of smoking-specific and generic quality of life measures in current and former smokers in Germany and the United States. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2015 Aug 16; 13:128. PMID: 26276447.
      Citations: 5     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    19. Kulasekaran A, Proctor C, Papadopoulou E, Shepperd CJ, Guyer R, Gandek B, Ware JE. Preliminary Evaluation of a New German Translated Tobacco Quality of Life Impact Tool to Discriminate Between Healthy Current and Former Smokers and to Explore the Effect of Switching Smokers to a Reduced Toxicant Prototype Cigarette. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015 Dec; 17(12):1456-64. PMID: 25914263.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    20. Deng N, Anatchkova MD, Waring ME, Han KT, Ware JE. Testing item response theory invariance of the standardized Quality-of-life Disease Impact Scale (QDIS(?)) in acute coronary syndrome patients: differential functioning of items and test. Qual Life Res. 2015 Aug; 24(8):1809-22. PMID: 25601166.
      Citations: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    21. Deng N, Guyer R, Ware JE. Energy, fatigue, or both? A bifactor modeling approach to the conceptualization and measurement of vitality. Qual Life Res. 2015 Jan; 24(1):81-93. PMID: 25362259.
      Citations: 23     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    22. Rose M, Bjorner JB, Gandek B, Bruce B, Fries JF, Ware JE. The PROMIS Physical Function item bank was calibrated to a standardized metric and shown to improve measurement efficiency. J Clin Epidemiol. 2014 May; 67(5):516-26. PMID: 24698295.
      Citations: 156     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    23. Frendl DM, Ware JE. Patient-reported functional health and well-being outcomes with drug therapy: a systematic review of randomized trials using the SF-36 health survey. Med Care. 2014 May; 52(5):439-45. PMID: 24714581.
      Citations: 46     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    24. Webb SM, Ware JE, Forsythe A, Yang M, Badia X, Nelson LM, Signorovitch JE, McLeod L, Maldonado M, Zgliczynski W, de Block C, Portocarrero-Ortiz L, Gadelha M. Treatment effectiveness of pasireotide on health-related quality of life in patients with Cushing's disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014 Jul; 171(1):89-98. PMID: 24760537.
      Citations: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    25. Watt T, Cramon P, Frendl DM, Ware JE. Assessing health-related quality of life in patients with benign non-toxic goitre. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Aug; 28(4):559-75. PMID: 25047206.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    26. Bjorner JB, Rose M, Gandek B, Stone AA, Junghaenel DU, Ware JE. Method of administration of PROMIS scales did not significantly impact score level, reliability, or validity. J Clin Epidemiol. 2014 Jan; 67(1):108-13. PMID: 24262772.
      Citations: 68     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    27. Bjorner JB, Rose M, Gandek B, Stone AA, Junghaenel DU, Ware JE. Difference in method of administration did not significantly impact item response: an IRT-based analysis from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) initiative. Qual Life Res. 2014 Feb; 23(1):217-27. PMID: 23877585.
      Citations: 35     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    28. Deng N, Allison JJ, Fang HJ, Ash AS, Ware JE. Using the bootstrap to establish statistical significance for relative validity comparisons among patient-reported outcome measures. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013 May 31; 11:89. PMID: 23721463.
      Citations: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    29. Moinpour CM, Darke AK, Donaldson GW, Cespedes D, Johnson CR, Ganz PA, Patrick DL, Ware JE, Shumaker SA, Meyskens FL, Thompson IM. Health-related quality-of-life findings for the prostate cancer prevention trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012 Sep 19; 104(18):1373-85. PMID: 22972968.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    30. Rose M, Bjorner JB, Fischer F, Anatchkova M, Gandek B, Klapp BF, Ware JE. Computerized adaptive testing--ready for ambulatory monitoring? Psychosom Med. 2012 May; 74(4):338-48. PMID: 22582331.
      Citations: 15     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    31. Rose M, Anatchkova M, Fletcher J, Blank AE, Bj?rner J, L?we B, Rector TS, Ware JE. Short and precise patient self-assessment of heart failure symptoms using a computerized adaptive test. Circ Heart Fail. 2012 May 01; 5(3):331-9. PMID: 22528317.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    32. Anatchkova MD, Rose M, Ware JE, Bjorner JB. Development of an item bank and computer adaptive test for role functioning. Qual Life Res. 2012 Nov; 21(9):1625-37. PMID: 22143196.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:Humans
    33. Suzukamo Y, Fukuhara S, Green J, Kosinski M, Gandek B, Ware JE. Validation testing of a three-component model of Short Form-36 scores. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 Mar; 64(3):301-8. PMID: 20800993.
      Citations: 67     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    34. Martin ML, Patrick DL, Gandra SR, Bennett AV, Leidy NK, Nissenson AR, Finkelstein FO, Lewis EF, Wu AW, Ware JE. Content validation of two SF-36 subscales for use in type 2 diabetes and non-dialysis chronic kidney disease-related anemia. Qual Life Res. 2011 Aug; 20(6):889-901. PMID: 21161411.
      Citations: 13     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    35. Anatchkova MD, Ware JE, Bjorner JB. Assessing the factor structure of a role functioning item bank. Qual Life Res. 2011 Jun; 20(5):745-58. PMID: 21153710.
      Citations: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    36. Bruce B, Fries JF, Ambrosini D, Lingala B, Gandek B, Rose M, Ware JE. Better assessment of physical function: item improvement is neglected but essential. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009; 11(6):R191. PMID: 20015354.
      Citations: 57     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    37. Ware JE. Improvements in short-form measures of health status: introduction to a series. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008 Jan; 61(1):1-5. PMID: 18083456.
      Citations: 27     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    38. Moinpour CM, Darke AK, Donaldson GW, Thompson IM, Langley C, Ankerst DP, Patrick DL, Ware JE, Ganz PA, Shumaker SA, Lippman SM, Coltman CA. Longitudinal analysis of sexual function reported by men in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 Jul 04; 99(13):1025-35. PMID: 17596576.
      Citations: 26     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    39. Martin M, Blaisdell-Gross B, Fortin EW, Maruish ME, Manocchia M, Sun X, Walker DR, Apple JL, Ware JE. Health-related quality of life of heart failure and coronary artery disease patients improved during participation in disease management programs: a longitudinal observational study. Dis Manag. 2007 Jun; 10(3):164-78. PMID: 17590147.
      Citations: 6     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    40. Martin M, Kosinski M, Bjorner JB, Ware JE, Maclean R, Li T. Item response theory methods can improve the measurement of physical function by combining the modified health assessment questionnaire and the SF-36 physical function scale. Qual Life Res. 2007 May; 16(4):647-60. PMID: 17334829.
      Citations: 17     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    41. Kushida C, Martin M, Nikam P, Blaisdell B, Wallenstein G, Ferini-Strambi L, Ware JE. Burden of restless legs syndrome on health-related quality of life. Qual Life Res. 2007 May; 16(4):617-24. PMID: 17268935.
      Citations: 38     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    42. Gandek B, Sinclair SJ, Jette AM, Ware JE. Development and initial psychometric evaluation of the participation measure for post-acute care (PM-PAC). Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Jan; 86(1):57-71. PMID: 17033591.
      Citations: 26     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    43. Kosinski M, Bjorner JB, Ware JE, Sullivan E, Straus WL. An evaluation of a patient-reported outcomes found computerized adaptive testing was efficient in assessing osteoarthritis impact. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006 Jul; 59(7):715-23. PMID: 16765275.
      Citations: 18     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    44. Emery P, Kosinski M, Li T, Martin M, Williams GR, Becker JC, Blaisdell B, Ware JE, Birbara C, Russell AS. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients with abatacept and methotrexate significantly improved health-related quality of life. J Rheumatol. 2006 Apr; 33(4):681-9. PMID: 16568505.
      Citations: 21     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    45. Bayliss EA, Bayliss MS, Ware JE, Steiner JF. Predicting declines in physical function in persons with multiple chronic medical conditions: what we can learn from the medical problem list. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2004 Sep 07; 2:47. PMID: 15353000.
      Citations: 91     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    46. Kazis LE, Miller DR, Clark JA, Skinner KM, Lee A, Ren XS, Spiro A, Rogers WH, Ware JE. Improving the response choices on the veterans SF-36 health survey role functioning scales: results from the Veterans Health Study. J Ambul Care Manage. 2004 Jul-Sep; 27(3):263-80. PMID: 15287216.
      Citations: 81     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    47. Alonso J, Ferrer M, Gandek B, Ware JE, Aaronson NK, Mosconi P, Rasmussen NK, Bullinger M, Fukuhara S, Kaasa S, Lepl?ge A. Health-related quality of life associated with chronic conditions in eight countries: results from the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project. Qual Life Res. 2004 Mar; 13(2):283-98. PMID: 15085901.
      Citations: 287     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    48. Menter A, Kosinski M, Bresnahan BW, Papp KA, Ware JE. Impact of efalizumab on psoriasis-specific patient-reported outcomes. Results from three randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2004 Jan-Feb; 3(1):27-38. PMID: 14964744.
      Citations: 6     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
    49. Gandek B, Sinclair SJ, Kosinski M, Ware JE. Psychometric evaluation of the SF-36 health survey in Medicare managed care. Health Care Financ Rev. 2004; 25(4):5-25. PMID: 15493441.
      Citations: 87     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    50. Bjorner JB, Kosinski M, Ware JE. Using item response theory to calibrate the Headache Impact Test (HIT) to the metric of traditional headache scales. Qual Life Res. 2003 Dec; 12(8):981-1002. PMID: 14651417.
      Citations: 30     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    51. Bjorner JB, Kosinski M, Ware JE. The feasibility of applying item response theory to measures of migraine impact: a re-analysis of three clinical studies. Qual Life Res. 2003 Dec; 12(8):887-902. PMID: 14651410.
      Citations: 17     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    52. Ware JE, Kosinski M, Bjorner JB, Bayliss MS, Batenhorst A, Dahl?f CG, Tepper S, Dowson A. Applications of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) to the assessment of headache impact. Qual Life Res. 2003 Dec; 12(8):935-52. PMID: 14651413.
      Citations: 64     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    53. Turner-Bowker DM, Bayliss MS, Ware JE, Kosinski M. Usefulness of the SF-8 Health Survey for comparing the impact of migraine and other conditions. Qual Life Res. 2003 Dec; 12(8):1003-12. PMID: 14651418.
      Citations: 117     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    54. Bjorner JB, Kosinski M, Ware JE. Calibration of an item pool for assessing the burden of headaches: an application of item response theory to the headache impact test (HIT). Qual Life Res. 2003 Dec; 12(8):913-33. PMID: 14651412.
      Citations: 71     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    55. Bjorner JB, Ware JE, Kosinski M. The potential synergy between cognitive models and modern psychometric models. Qual Life Res. 2003 May; 12(3):261-74. PMID: 12769138.
      Citations: 7     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    56. Ware JE. Conceptualization and measurement of health-related quality of life: comments on an evolving field. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003 Apr; 84(4 Suppl 2):S43-51. PMID: 12692771.
      Citations: 69     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    57. Regensteiner JG, Ware JE, McCarthy WJ, Zhang P, Forbes WP, Heckman J, Hiatt WR. Effect of cilostazol on treadmill walking, community-based walking ability, and health-related quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication due to peripheral arterial disease: meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002 Dec; 50(12):1939-46. PMID: 12473004.
      Citations: 37     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    58. Ware JE. Identifying populations at risk: functional impairment and emotional distress. Manag Care. 2002 Oct; 11(10 Suppl):15-7. PMID: 18575210.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    59. Kosinski M, Kujawski SC, Martin R, Wanke LA, Buatti MC, Ware JE, Perfetto EM. Health-related quality of life in early rheumatoid arthritis: impact of disease and treatment response. Am J Manag Care. 2002 Mar; 8(3):231-40. PMID: 11915973.
      Citations: 55     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
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