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Francis A Ennis MD

TitleProfessor Emeritus
InstitutionUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School
DepartmentMedicine
AddressUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School
55 Lake Avenue North, S6-860
Worcester MA 01655
Phone508-856-4182
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    Other Positions
    InstitutionUMMS - School of Medicine
    DepartmentMedicine
    DivisionInfectious Diseases And Immunology

    InstitutionUMMS - Programs, Centers and Institutes
    DepartmentCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research


    Collapse Biography 
    Collapse education and training
    Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United StatesBALiberal Arts
    Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United StatesMD

    Collapse Overview 
    Collapse overview

    Immune response of host to virus infections, emphasizing cellular responses

    Overall themes:

    • Human Immune Responses
    • Immunopathology to Virus Infections and
    • Failure to Eliminate Virus in Persistent Infection

    A. T cell triggered and cytokine mediated immunopathology.

    Photo: Francis A. EnnisWe hypothesize that certain virus infections e.g. Dengue HemorrhagicFever (DHF), or the Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) may be due to"over"responses of dengue or hantavirus specific T cells incertain high-responders, due to immune responses genes. These T cellresponses are needed for clearance of virus-infected cells but markedinflammatory responses probably mediated by cytokines, cause endothelialcell leakness and shock (DHF) or pulmonary edema (HPS). We are definingCD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes, determining the Th1 and Th2 cytokineresponses at the protein and m-RNA levels and by immunocytochemistry. TCRusage is determined, and correlations with disease phenotypes arestudied.

    Immunopathogenesis of DHF

    Immunopathogenesis of DHF/DSS

    B. Failure to Eliminate Virus in HCV Infection

    Failure of immune response to eliminate HCV infection is very commonand chronic progression liver disease frequently results. Is this due toa poor CD8+ T cell response in those individuals? We are also developingCD8+ T cell clones from the liver tissues and blood cells of patients withHCV infections. We will determine whether interferon therapy which is theonly known treatment, alters the HCV+ CD8+ CTL responses in the patientswho respond to therapy or those that do not. We are also defining Th1,Th2 cytokine patterns in liver tissues by immunocytochemistry.



    Collapse Rotation Projects

    Potential Rotation Projects

    Project #1: Establish novel human T cell clones to viruses

    Project #2: Develop quantitative PCR to viruses




    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    1. Jegaskanda S, Co MD, Cruz J, Subbarao K, Ennis FA, Terajima M. Human seasonal influenza A viruses induce H7N9-cross-reactive antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) antibodies that are directed towards the nucleoprotein. J Infect Dis. 2016 Dec 23. PMID: 28011910.
      View in: PubMed
    2. Henry Dunand CJ, Leon PE, Huang M, Choi A, Chromikova V, Ho IY, Tan GS, Cruz J, Hirsh A, Zheng NY, Mullarkey CE, Ennis FA, Terajima M, Treanor JJ, Topham DJ, Subbarao K, Palese P, Krammer F, Wilson PC. Both Neutralizing and Non-Neutralizing Human H7N9 Influenza Vaccine-Induced Monoclonal Antibodies Confer Protection. Cell Host Microbe. 2016 Jun 08; 19(6):800-13. PMID: 27281570.
      View in: PubMed
    3. Rothman AL, Ennis FA. Dengue Vaccine: The Need, the Challenges, and Progress. J Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 15; 214(6):825-7. PMID: 26908750.
      View in: PubMed
    4. Kirawittaya T, Yoon IK, Wichit S, Green S, Ennis FA, Gibbons RV, Thomas SJ, Rothman AL, Kalayanarooj S, Srikiatkhachorn A. Evaluation of Cardiac Involvement in Children with Dengue by Serial Echocardiographic Studies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015; 9(7):e0003943. PMID: 26226658.
      View in: PubMed
    5. Terajima M, Co MD, Cruz J, Ennis FA. High Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Antibody Titers to H5N1 and H7N9 Avian Influenza A Viruses in Healthy US Adults and Older Children. J Infect Dis. 2015 Oct 01; 212(7):1052-60. PMID: 25795791.
      View in: PubMed
    6. Co MD, Terajima M, Thomas SJ, Jarman RG, Rungrojcharoenkit K, Fernandez S, Yoon IK, Buddhari D, Cruz J, Ennis FA. Relationship of preexisting influenza hemagglutination inhibition, complement-dependent lytic, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity antibodies to the development of clinical illness in a prospective study of A(H1N1)pdm09 Influenza in children. Viral Immunol. 2014 Oct; 27(8):375-82. PMID: 25141276.
      View in: PubMed
    7. Canetta SE, Bao Y, Co MD, Ennis FA, Cruz J, Terajima M, Shen L, Kellendonk C, Schaefer CA, Brown AS. Serological documentation of maternal influenza exposure and bipolar disorder in adult offspring. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 May; 171(5):557-63. PMID: 24480930.
      View in: PubMed
    8. Terajima M, Co MD, Ennis FA. Age and different influenza viruses. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014 Feb; 14(2):101. PMID: 24457169.
      View in: PubMed
    9. Mathew A, Townsley E, Ennis FA. Elucidating the role of T cells in protection against and pathogenesis of dengue virus infections. Future Microbiol. 2014; 9(3):411-25. PMID: 24762312.
      View in: PubMed
    10. Wallace A, West K, Rothman AL, Ennis FA, Lu S, Wang S. Post-translational intracellular trafficking determines the type of immune response elicited by DNA vaccines expressing Gag antigen of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013 Oct; 9(10):2095-102. PMID: 23941868.
      View in: PubMed
    11. Terajima M, Babon JA, Co MD, Ennis FA. Cross-reactive human B cell and T cell epitopes between influenza A and B viruses. Virol J. 2013 Jul 26; 10:244. PMID: 23886073.
      View in: PubMed
    12. Yin L, Calvo-Calle JM, Cruz J, Newman FK, Frey SE, Ennis FA, Stern LJ. CD4+ T cells provide intermolecular help to generate robust antibody responses in vaccinia virus-vaccinated humans. J Immunol. 2013 Jun 15; 190(12):6023-33. PMID: 23667112.
      View in: PubMed
    13. Srikiatkhachorn A, Wichit S, Gibbons RV, Green S, Libraty DH, Endy TP, Ennis FA, Kalayanarooj S, Rothman AL. Dengue viral RNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are associated with disease severity and preexisting dengue immune status. PLoS One. 2012; 7(12):e51335. PMID: 23284680.
      View in: PubMed
    14. Terajima M, Ennis FA. Nuclear export signal and immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitope in influenza A virus matrix protein 1. J Virol. 2012 Sep; 86(18):10258; author reply1259-60. PMID: 22923812.
      View in: PubMed
    15. Co MD, Cruz J, Takeda A, Ennis FA, Terajima M. Comparison of complement dependent lytic, hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization antibody responses in influenza vaccinated individuals. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2012 Sep; 8(9):1218-22. PMID: 22894961.
      View in: PubMed
    16. Terajima M, Babon JA, Ennis FA. Epidemiology of the influenza A virus H5N1 subtype and memory of immunity to the H2N2 subtype. MBio. 2012; 3(4). PMID: 22782524.
      View in: PubMed
    17. Babon JA, Cruz J, Ennis FA, Yin L, Terajima M. A human CD4+ T cell epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin is cross-reactive to influenza A virus subtypes and to influenza B virus. J Virol. 2012 Sep; 86(17):9233-43. PMID: 22718815.
      View in: PubMed
    18. Libraty DH, Mäkelä S, Vlk J, Hurme M, Vaheri A, Ennis FA, Mustonen J. The degree of leukocytosis and urine GATA-3 mRNA levels are risk factors for severe acute kidney injury in Puumala virus nephropathia epidemica. PLoS One. 2012; 7(4):e35402. PMID: 22523590.
      View in: PubMed
    19. Kurane I, Matsutani T, Suzuki R, Takasaki T, Kalayanarooj S, Green S, Rothman AL, Ennis FA. T-cell responses to dengue virus in humans. Trop Med Health. 2011 Dec; 39(4 Suppl):45-51. PMID: 22500136.
      View in: PubMed
    20. Terajima M, Cruz J, Co MD, Lee JH, Kaur K, Wrammert J, Wilson PC, Ennis FA. Complement-dependent lysis of influenza a virus-infected cells by broadly cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies. J Virol. 2011 Dec; 85(24):13463-7. PMID: 21994454.
      View in: PubMed
    21. Srikiatkhachorn A, Rothman AL, Gibbons RV, Sittisombut N, Malasit P, Ennis FA, Nimmannitya S, Kalayanarooj S. Dengue--how best to classify it. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Sep; 53(6):563-7. PMID: 21832264.
      View in: PubMed
    22. Terajima M, Ennis FA. T cells and pathogenesis of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Viruses. 2011 Jul; 3(7):1059-73. PMID: 21994770.
      View in: PubMed
    23. Simon SL, Inneh IA, Lee MS, Sullivan S, Ennis F. Tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the thigh: positron emission tomography findings. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2011 Jun; 40(6):E115-7. PMID: 21869945.
      View in: PubMed
    24. Smith HL, Monath TP, Pazoles P, Rothman AL, Casey DM, Terajima M, Ennis FA, Guirakhoo F, Green S. Development of antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells following live-attenuated chimeric West Nile virus vaccination. J Infect Dis. 2011 Feb 15; 203(4):513-22. PMID: 21216868.
      View in: PubMed
    25. Green S, Ennis FA, Mathew A. Long term recall of memory CD8 T cells in mice to first and third generation smallpox vaccines. Vaccine. 2011 Feb 11; 29(8):1666-76. PMID: 21195803.
      View in: PubMed
    26. Singh R, Rothman AL, Potts J, Guirakhoo F, Ennis FA, Green S. Sequential immunization with heterologous chimeric flaviviruses induces broad-spectrum cross-reactive CD8+ T cell responses. J Infect Dis. 2010 Jul 15; 202(2):223-33. PMID: 20536361.
      View in: PubMed
    27. Augustine AD, Cassetti MC, Ennis FA, Harris E, Hildebrand WH, Repik PM. NIAID workshop on Flavivirus immunity. Viral Immunol. 2010 Jun; 23(3):235-40. PMID: 20565288.
      View in: PubMed
    28. Jameson JM, Cruz J, Costanzo A, Terajima M, Ennis FA. A role for the mevalonate pathway in the induction of subtype cross-reactive immunity to influenza A virus by human gammadelta T lymphocytes. Cell Immunol. 2010; 264(1):71-7. PMID: 20483407.
      View in: PubMed
    29. Trobaugh DW, Yang L, Ennis FA, Green S. Altered effector functions of virus-specific and virus cross-reactive CD8+ T cells in mice immunized with related flaviviruses. Eur J Immunol. 2010 May; 40(5):1315-27. PMID: 20213733.
      View in: PubMed
    30. Srikiatkhachorn A, Gibbons RV, Green S, Libraty DH, Thomas SJ, Endy TP, Vaughn DW, Nisalak A, Ennis FA, Rothman AL, Nimmannitaya S, Kalayanarooj S. Dengue hemorrhagic fever: the sensitivity and specificity of the world health organization definition for identification of severe cases of dengue in Thailand, 1994-2005. Clin Infect Dis. 2010 Apr 15; 50(8):1135-43. PMID: 20205587.
      View in: PubMed
    31. Moutaftsi M, Tscharke DC, Vaughan K, Koelle DM, Stern L, Calvo-Calle M, Ennis F, Terajima M, Sutter G, Crotty S, Drexler I, Franchini G, Yewdell JW, Head SR, Blum J, Peters B, Sette A. Uncovering the interplay between CD8, CD4 and antibody responses to complex pathogens. Future Microbiol. 2010 Feb; 5(2):221-39. PMID: 20143946.
      View in: PubMed
    32. Liu P, Woda M, Ennis FA, Libraty DH. Dengue virus infection differentially regulates endothelial barrier function over time through type I interferon effects. J Infect Dis. 2009 Jul 15; 200(2):191-201. PMID: 19530939.
      View in: PubMed
    33. Babon JA, Cruz J, Orphin L, Pazoles P, Co MD, Ennis FA, Terajima M. Genome-wide screening of human T-cell epitopes in influenza A virus reveals a broad spectrum of CD4(+) T-cell responses to internal proteins, hemagglutinins, and neuraminidases. Hum Immunol. 2009 Sep; 70(9):711-21. PMID: 19524006.
      View in: PubMed
    34. Vejbaesya S, Luangtrakool P, Luangtrakool K, Kalayanarooj S, Vaughn DW, Endy TP, Mammen MP, Green S, Libraty DH, Ennis FA, Rothman AL, Stephens HA. TNF and LTA gene, allele, and extended HLA haplotype associations with severe dengue virus infection in ethnic Thais. J Infect Dis. 2009 May 15; 199(10):1442-8. PMID: 19392621.
      View in: PubMed
    35. Frey SE, Newman FK, Kennedy JS, Ennis F, Abate G, Hoft DF, Monath TP. Comparison of the safety and immunogenicity of ACAM1000, ACAM2000 and Dryvax in healthy vaccinia-naive adults. Vaccine. 2009 Mar 4; 27(10):1637-44. PMID: 19071184.
      View in: PubMed
    36. Co MD, Orphin L, Cruz J, Pazoles P, Green KM, Potts J, Leporati AM, Babon JA, Evans JE, Ennis FA, Terajima M. In vitro evidence that commercial influenza vaccines are not similar in their ability to activate human T cell responses. Vaccine. 2009 Jan 7; 27(2):319-27. PMID: 18977404.
      View in: PubMed
    37. Terajima M, Orphin L, Leporati AM, Pazoles P, Cruz J, Rothman AL, Ennis FA. Vaccinia virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses target a group of epitopes without a strong immunodominance hierarchy in humans. Hum Immunol. 2008 Dec; 69(12):815-25. PMID: 18955096.
      View in: PubMed
    38. Mathew A, O'Bryan J, Marshall W, Kotwal GJ, Terajima M, Green S, Rothman AL, Ennis FA. Robust intrapulmonary CD8 T cell responses and protection with an attenuated N1L deleted vaccinia virus. PLoS One. 2008 Oct 02; 3(10):e3323. PMID: 18830408.
      View in: PubMed
    39. Pavlin JA, Hickey AC, Ulbrandt N, Chan YP, Endy TP, Boukhvalova MS, Chunsuttiwat S, Nisalak A, Libraty DH, Green S, Rothman AL, Ennis FA, Jarman R, Gibbons RV, Broder CC. Human metapneumovirus reinfection among children in Thailand determined by ELISA using purified soluble fusion protein. J Infect Dis. 2008 Sep 15; 198(6):836-42. PMID: 18680407.
      View in: PubMed
    40. Wang S, Kennedy JS, West K, Montefiori DC, Coley S, Lawrence J, Shen S, Green S, Rothman AL, Ennis FA, Arthos J, Pal R, Markham P, Lu S. Cross-subtype antibody and cellular immune responses induced by a polyvalent DNA prime-protein boost HIV-1 vaccine in healthy human volunteers. Vaccine. 2008 Jul 23; 26(31):3947-57. PMID: 18724414.
      View in: PubMed
    41. Terajima M, Cruz J, Leporati AM, Orphin L, Babon JA, Co MD, Pazoles P, Jameson J, Ennis FA. Influenza A virus matrix protein 1-specific human CD8+ T-cell response induced in trivalent inactivated vaccine recipients. J Virol. 2008 Sep; 82(18):9283-7. PMID: 18614638.
      View in: PubMed
    42. Strug I, Calvo-Calle JM, Green KM, Cruz J, Ennis FA, Evans JE, Stern LJ. Vaccinia peptides eluted from HLA-DR1 isolated from virus-infected cells are recognized by CD4+ T cells from a vaccinated donor. J Proteome Res. 2008 Jul; 7(7):2703-11. PMID: 18507432.
      View in: PubMed
    43. Jarman RG, Holmes EC, Rodpradit P, Klungthong C, Gibbons RV, Nisalak A, Rothman AL, Libraty DH, Ennis FA, Mammen MP, Endy TP. Microevolution of Dengue viruses circulating among primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. J Virol. 2008 Jun; 82(11):5494-500. PMID: 18367520.
      View in: PubMed
    44. Co MD, Orphin L, Cruz J, Pazoles P, Rothman AL, Ennis FA, Terajima M. Discordance between antibody and T cell responses in recipients of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. Vaccine. 2008 Apr 7; 26(16):1990-8. PMID: 18339461.
      View in: PubMed
    45. Wang S, Kennedy JS, West K, Montefiori DC, Coley S, Lawrence J, Shen S, Green S, Rothman AL, Ennis FA, Arthos J, Pal R, Markham P, Lu S. Cross-subtype antibody and cellular immune responses induced by a polyvalent DNA prime-protein boost HIV-1 vaccine in healthy human volunteers. Vaccine. 2008 Feb 20; 26(8):1098-110. PMID: 18243434.
      View in: PubMed
    46. Libraty DH, Myint KS, Murray CK, Gibbons RV, Mammen MP, Endy TP, Li W, Vaughn DW, Nisalak A, Kalayanarooj S, Hospenthal DR, Green S, Rothman AL, Ennis FA. A comparative study of leptospirosis and dengue in Thai children. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2007 Dec 26; 1(3):e111. PMID: 18160980.
      View in: PubMed
    47. Frey SE, Newman FK, Kennedy JS, Sobek V, Ennis FA, Hill H, Yan LK, Chaplin P, Vollmar J, Chaitman BR, Belshe RB. Clinical and immunologic responses to multiple doses of IMVAMUNE (Modified Vaccinia Ankara) followed by Dryvax challenge. Vaccine. 2007 Dec 12; 25(51):8562-73. PMID: 18036708.
      View in: PubMed
    48. Terajima M, Hayasaka D, Maeda K, Ennis FA. Immunopathogenesis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: Do CD8+ T cells trigger capillary leakage in viral hemorrhagic fevers? Immunol Lett. 2007 Nov 15; 113(2):117-20. PMID: 17897725.
      View in: PubMed
    49. Tuuminen T, Kekäläinen E, Mäkelä S, Ala-Houhala I, Ennis FA, Hedman K, Mustonen J, Vaheri A, Arstila TP. Human CD8+ T cell memory generation in Puumala hantavirus infection occurs after the acute phase and is associated with boosting of EBV-specific CD8+ memory T cells. J Immunol. 2007 Aug 1; 179(3):1988-95. PMID: 17641066.
      View in: PubMed
    50. Mitra-Kaushik S, Cruz J, Stern LJ, Ennis FA, Terajima M. Human cytotoxic CD4+ T cells recognize HLA-DR1-restricted epitopes on vaccinia virus proteins A24R and D1R conserved among poxviruses. J Immunol. 2007 Jul 15; 179(2):1303-12. PMID: 17617623.
      View in: PubMed
    51. Anderson KB, Chunsuttiwat S, Nisalak A, Mammen MP, Libraty DH, Rothman AL, Green S, Vaughn DW, Ennis FA, Endy TP. Burden of symptomatic dengue infection in children at primary school in Thailand: a prospective study. Lancet. 2007 Apr 28; 369(9571):1452-9. PMID: 17467515.
      View in: PubMed
    52. Srikiatkhachorn A, Krautrachue A, Ratanaprakarn W, Wongtapradit L, Nithipanya N, Kalayanarooj S, Nisalak A, Thomas SJ, Gibbons RV, Mammen MP, Libraty DH, Ennis FA, Rothman AL, Green S. Natural history of plasma leakage in dengue hemorrhagic fever: a serial ultrasonographic study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007 Apr; 26(4):283-90; discussion 291-2. PMID: 17414388.
      View in: PubMed
    53. Laoprasopwattana K, Libraty DH, Endy TP, Nisalak A, Chunsuttiwat S, Ennis FA, Rothman AL, Green S. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by plasma obtained before secondary dengue virus infections: potential involvement in early control of viral replication. J Infect Dis. 2007 Apr 15; 195(8):1108-16. PMID: 17357046.
      View in: PubMed
    54. Sivapalasingam S, Kennedy JS, Borkowsky W, Valentine F, Zhan MX, Pazoles P, Paolino A, Ennis FA, Steigbigel NH. Immunological memory after exposure to variola virus, monkeypox virus, and vaccinia virus. J Infect Dis. 2007 Apr 15; 195(8):1151-9. PMID: 17357051.
      View in: PubMed
    55. Hayasaka D, Ennis FA, Terajima M. Pathogeneses of respiratory infections with virulent and attenuated vaccinia viruses. Virol J. 2007 Feb 27; 4:22. PMID: 17326843.
      View in: PubMed
    56. Srikiatkhachorn A, Ajariyakhajorn C, Endy TP, Kalayanarooj S, Libraty DH, Green S, Ennis FA, Rothman AL. Virus-induced decline in soluble vascular endothelial growth receptor 2 is associated with plasma leakage in dengue hemorrhagic Fever. J Virol. 2007 Feb; 81(4):1592-600. PMID: 17151115.
      View in: PubMed
    57. Hayasaka D, Maeda K, Ennis FA, Terajima M. Increased permeability of human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 induced by hantavirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Virus Res. 2007 Feb; 123(2):120-7. PMID: 16979772.
      View in: PubMed
    58. Myint KS, Endy TP, Mongkolsirichaikul D, Manomuth C, Kalayanarooj S, Vaughn DW, Nisalak A, Green S, Rothman AL, Ennis FA, Libraty DH. Cellular immune activation in children with acute dengue virus infections is modulated by apoptosis. J Infect Dis. 2006 Sep 1; 194(5):600-7. PMID: 16897658.
      View in: PubMed
    59. Terajima M, Cruz J, Leporati AM, Demkowicz WE, Kennedy JS, Ennis FA. Identification of vaccinia CD8+ T-cell epitopes conserved among vaccinia and variola viruses restricted by common MHC class I molecules, HLA-A2 or HLA-B7. Hum Immunol. 2006 Jul; 67(7):512-20. PMID: 16829305.
      View in: PubMed
    60. Monath TP, Liu J, Kanesa-Thasan N, Myers GA, Nichols R, Deary A, McCarthy K, Johnson C, Ermak T, Shin S, Arroyo J, Guirakhoo F, Kennedy JS, Ennis FA, Green S, Bedford P. A live, attenuated recombinant West Nile virus vaccine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 25; 103(17):6694-9. PMID: 16617103.
      View in: PubMed
    61. Terajima M, Ennis FA. Using HLA-transgenic mice to identify immunodominant human CD8+ T cell epitopes--does (genome) size matter? Immunol Lett. 2006 May 15; 105(1):97-8. PMID: 16494950.
      View in: PubMed
    62. Rothman AL, Green S, Libraty DH, Ennis FA. Dengue: translating scientific progress into workable solutions. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2005 Oct; 3(5):689-92. PMID: 16207158.
      View in: PubMed
    63. Laoprasopwattana K, Libraty DH, Endy TP, Nisalak A, Chunsuttiwat S, Vaughn DW, Reed G, Ennis FA, Rothman AL, Green S. Dengue Virus (DV) enhancing antibody activity in preillness plasma does not predict subsequent disease severity or viremia in secondary DV infection. J Infect Dis. 2005 Aug 1; 192(3):510-9. PMID: 15995967.
      View in: PubMed
    64. Mathew A, Terajima M, West K, Green S, Rothman AL, Ennis FA, Kennedy JS. Identification of murine poxvirus-specific CD8+ CTL epitopes with distinct functional profiles. J Immunol. 2005 Feb 15; 174(4):2212-9. PMID: 15699154.
      View in: PubMed
    65. Greenberg RN, Kennedy JS, Clanton DJ, Plummer EA, Hague L, Cruz J, Ennis FA, Blackwelder WC, Hopkins RJ. Safety and immunogenicity of new cell-cultured smallpox vaccine compared with calf-lymph derived vaccine: a blind, single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005 Jan 29-Feb 4; 365(9457):398-409. PMID: 15680454.
      View in: PubMed
    66. Maeda K, West K, Hayasaka D, Ennis FA, Terajima M. Recombinant adenovirus vector vaccine induces stronger cytotoxic T-cell responses than recombinant vaccinia virus vector, plasmid DNA, or a combination of these. Viral Immunol. 2005; 18(4):657-67. PMID: 16359232.
      View in: PubMed
    67. Kennedy JS, Frey SE, Yan L, Rothman AL, Cruz J, Newman FK, Orphin L, Belshe RB, Ennis FA. Induction of human T cell-mediated immune responses after primary and secondary smallpox vaccination. J Infect Dis. 2004 Oct 1; 190(7):1286-94. PMID: 15346340.
      View in: PubMed
    68. Maeda K, West K, Toyosaki-Maeda T, Rothman AL, Ennis FA, Terajima M. Identification and analysis for cross-reactivity among hantaviruses of H-2b-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes in Sin Nombre virus nucleocapsid protein. J Gen Virol. 2004 Jul; 85(Pt 7):1909-19. PMID: 15218176.
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    69. Endy TP, Nisalak A, Chunsuttitwat S, Vaughn DW, Green S, Ennis FA, Rothman AL, Libraty DH. Relationship of preexisting dengue virus (DV) neutralizing antibody levels to viremia and severity of disease in a prospective cohort study of DV infection in Thailand. J Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 15; 189(6):990-1000. PMID: 14999601.
      View in: PubMed
    70. Kilpatrick ED, Terajima M, Koster FT, Catalina MD, Cruz J, Ennis FA. Role of specific CD8+ T cells in the severity of a fulminant zoonotic viral hemorrhagic fever, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. J Immunol. 2004 Mar 1; 172(5):3297-304. PMID: 14978138.
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    71. Terajima M, Vapalahti O, Van Epps HL, Vaheri A, Ennis FA. Immune responses to Puumala virus infection and the pathogenesis of nephropathia epidemica. Microbes Infect. 2004 Feb; 6(2):238-45. PMID: 15049335.
      View in: PubMed
    72. Mangada MM, Ennis FA, Rothman AL. Quantitation of dengue virus specific CD4+ T cells by intracellular cytokine staining. J Immunol Methods. 2004 Jan; 284(1-2):89-97. PMID: 14736419.
      View in: PubMed
    73. Pichyangkul S, Endy TP, Kalayanarooj S, Nisalak A, Yongvanitchit K, Green S, Rothman AL, Ennis FA, Libraty DH. A blunted blood plasmacytoid dendritic cell response to an acute systemic viral infection is associated with increased disease severity. J Immunol. 2003 Nov 15; 171(10):5571-8. PMID: 14607965.
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    74. Warke RV, Xhaja K, Martin KJ, Fournier MF, Shaw SK, Brizuela N, de Bosch N, Lapointe D, Ennis FA, Rothman AL, Bosch I. Dengue virus induces novel changes in gene expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Virol. 2003 Nov; 77(21):11822-32. PMID: 14557666.
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    75. Weltzin R, Liu J, Pugachev KV, Myers GA, Coughlin B, Blum PS, Nichols R, Johnson C, Cruz J, Kennedy JS, Ennis FA, Monath TP. Clonal vaccinia virus grown in cell culture as a new smallpox vaccine. Nat Med. 2003 Sep; 9(9):1125-30. PMID: 12925845.
      View in: PubMed
    76. Terajima M, Ennis FA. Quantitation of antibody-bound and unbound Sin Nombre virus in the plasma of patient with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. J Virol Methods. 2003 Jun 30; 110(2):159-62. PMID: 12798243.
      View in: PubMed
    77. Kurane I, West K, Tuazon CU, Zeng W, Ennis FA. Definition of two new epitopes on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag protein recognized by human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones. J Clin Virol. 2003 May; 27(1):38-43. PMID: 12727527.
      View in: PubMed
    78. Terajima M, Cruz J, Raines G, Kilpatrick ED, Kennedy JS, Rothman AL, Ennis FA. Quantitation of CD8+ T cell responses to newly identified HLA-A*0201-restricted T cell epitopes conserved among vaccinia and variola (smallpox) viruses. J Exp Med. 2003 Apr 7; 197(7):927-32. PMID: 12668642.
      View in: PubMed
    79. Libraty DH, Young PR, Pickering D, Endy TP, Kalayanarooj S, Green S, Vaughn DW, Nisalak A, Ennis FA, Rothman AL. High circulating levels of the dengue virus nonstructural protein NS1 early in dengue illness correlate with the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis. 2002 Oct 15; 186(8):1165-8. PMID: 12355369.
      View in: PubMed
    80. Van Epps HL, Terajima M, Mustonen J, Arstila TP, Corey EA, Vaheri A, Ennis FA. Long-lived memory T lymphocyte responses after hantavirus infection. J Exp Med. 2002 Sep 2; 196(5):579-88. PMID: 12208874.
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    81. Endy TP, Chunsuttiwat S, Nisalak A, Libraty DH, Green S, Rothman AL, Vaughn DW, Ennis FA. Epidemiology of inapparent and symptomatic acute dengue virus infection: a prospective study of primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Jul 1; 156(1):40-51. PMID: 12076887.
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    82. Endy TP, Nisalak A, Chunsuttiwat S, Libraty DH, Green S, Rothman AL, Vaughn DW, Ennis FA. Spatial and temporal circulation of dengue virus serotypes: a prospective study of primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Jul 1; 156(1):52-9. PMID: 12076888.
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    83. Zivna I, Green S, Vaughn DW, Kalayanarooj S, Stephens HA, Chandanayingyong D, Nisalak A, Ennis FA, Rothman AL. T cell responses to an HLA-B*07-restricted epitope on the dengue NS3 protein correlate with disease severity. J Immunol. 2002 Jun 1; 168(11):5959-65. PMID: 12023403.
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    84. Bosch I, Xhaja K, Estevez L, Raines G, Melichar H, Warke RV, Fournier MV, Ennis FA, Rothman AL. Increased production of interleukin-8 in primary human monocytes and in human epithelial and endothelial cell lines after dengue virus challenge. J Virol. 2002 Jun; 76(11):5588-97. PMID: 11991987.
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    85. Mangada MM, Endy TP, Nisalak A, Chunsuttiwat S, Vaughn DW, Libraty DH, Green S, Ennis FA, Rothman AL. Dengue-specific T cell responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained prior to secondary dengue virus infections in Thai schoolchildren. J Infect Dis. 2002 Jun 15; 185(12):1697-703. PMID: 12085313.
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    86. Ennis FA, Cruz J, Demkowicz WE, Rothman AL, McClain DJ. Primary induction of human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and interferon-gamma-producing T cells after smallpox vaccination. J Infect Dis. 2002 Jun 1; 185(11):1657-9. PMID: 12023773.
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    87. Libraty DH, Endy TP, Kalayanarooj S, Chansiriwongs W, Nisalak A, Green S, Ennis FA, Rothman AL. Assessment of body fluid compartment volumes by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy in children with dengue. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2002 May-Jun; 96(3):295-9. PMID: 12174783.
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    88. Gagnon SJ, Mori M, Kurane I, Green S, Vaughn DW, Kalayanarooj S, Suntayakorn S, Ennis FA, Rothman AL. Cytokine gene expression and protein production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with acute dengue virus infections. J Med Virol. 2002 May; 67(1):41-6. PMID: 11920816.
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    89. Libraty DH, Endy TP, Houng HS, Green S, Kalayanarooj S, Suntayakorn S, Chansiriwongs W, Vaughn DW, Nisalak A, Ennis FA, Rothman AL. Differing influences of virus burden and immune activation on disease severity in secondary dengue-3 virus infections. J Infect Dis. 2002 May 1; 185(9):1213-21. PMID: 12001037.
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    90. Frey SE, Newman FK, Cruz J, Shelton WB, Tennant JM, Polach T, Rothman AL, Kennedy JS, Wolff M, Belshe RB, Ennis FA. Dose-related effects of smallpox vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2002 Apr 25; 346(17):1275-80. PMID: 11923489.
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    91. Terajima M, Van Epps HL, Li D, Leporati AM, Juhlin SE, Mustonen J, Vaheri A, Ennis FA. Generation of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing Puumala virus proteins and use in isolating cytotoxic T cells specific for Puumala virus. Virus Res. 2002 Mar 20; 84(1-2):67-77. PMID: 11900840.
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    92. Co MD, Terajima M, Cruz J, Ennis FA, Rothman AL. Human cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to live attenuated 17D yellow fever vaccine: identification of HLA-B35-restricted CTL epitopes on nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2b, NS3, and the structural protein E. Virology. 2002 Feb 1; 293(1):151-63. PMID: 11853408.
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    93. Ennis FA, Cruz J, Jameson J, Klein M, Burt D, Thipphawong J. Augmentation of human influenza A virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte memory by influenza vaccine and adjuvanted carriers (ISCOMS). Virology. 1999 Jul 5; 259(2):256-61. PMID: 10388649.
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