Bias

"Bias" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure, which enables searching at various levels of specificity.

MeSH information

Definition | Details | More General Concepts | Related Concepts | More Specific Concepts

Any deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. Bias can result from several sources: one-sided or systematic variations in measurement from the true value (systematic error); flaws in study design; deviation of inferences, interpretations, or analyses based on flawed data or data collection; etc. There is no sense of prejudice or subjectivity implied in the assessment of bias under these conditions.

Descriptor ID	D015982
MeSH Number(s)	N05.715.350.150 N06.850.490.500
Concept/Terms	Bias Bias Epidemiologic Biases Biase, Epidemiologic Biases, Epidemiologic Epidemiologic Biase Biases Bias, Epidemiologic Biases, Statistical Biases, Statistical Bias, Statistical Statistical Bias Statistical Biases Ecological Bias Ecological Bias Ecological Biases Bias, Ecological Fallacy, Ecological Ecological Fallacies Ecological Fallacy Fallacies, Ecological Biases, Ecological Outcome Measurement Errors Outcome Measurement Errors Error, Outcome Measurement Errors, Outcome Measurement Outcome Measurement Error Truncation Biases Truncation Biases Biases, Truncation Truncation Bias Bias, Truncation Scientific Bias Scientific Bias Bias, Scientific Experimental Bias Experimental Bias Bias, Experimental Bias, Aggregation Bias, Aggregation Aggregation Bias Systematic Bias Systematic Bias Bias, Systematic

Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Bias".

Health Care [N]
Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation [N05]
Quality of Health Care [N05.715]
Epidemiologic Factors [N05.715.350]
Bias [N05.715.350.150]
Environment and Public Health [N06]
Public Health [N06.850]
Epidemiologic Factors [N06.850.490]
Bias [N06.850.490.500]

Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is related to "Bias".

Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Bias".

publications

Timeline | Most Recent

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Bias" by people in this website by year, and whether "Bias" was a major or minor topic of these publications.

Bar chart showing 98 publications over 30 distinct years, with a maximum of 7 publications in 2018

To see the data from this visualization as text, click here.

Year	Major Topic	Minor Topic	Total
1995	1	4	5
1996	0	6	6
1997	1	2	3
1998	0	2	2
1999	0	2	2
2000	0	3	3
2001	1	2	3
2002	1	2	3
2003	1	2	3
2004	0	2	2
2005	0	2	2
2006	1	2	3
2007	0	2	2
2008	1	1	2
2009	1	1	2
2010	0	1	1
2011	0	2	2
2012	1	1	2
2013	1	2	3
2014	0	2	2
2016	0	6	6
2017	1	3	4
2018	4	3	7
2019	2	2	4
2020	2	3	5
2021	0	6	6
2022	1	4	5
2023	0	4	4
2024	2	0	2
2025	0	2	2

Below are the most recent publications written about "Bias" by people in Profiles.

Rodheim KG, Jones BJ, Hollister PR, Vane MF, Spencer RMC. Does sleep change the emotional bias in memory in older adults? Neuropsychologia. 2025 Oct 10; 217:109237.

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Litman HJ, Sheffield KM, Pugach O, Shan M, Lakin P, Cui ZL, Curtis SE, Johnston JA, Harrold LR. Applying Bias Correction Methods to Build Hybrid Controls Using Real-World Patients for a Phase IIb Randomized Controlled Trial of Baricitinib for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pharm Stat. 2025 Jul-Aug; 24(4):e70020.

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Lewis NM, Harker EJ, Leis A, Zhu Y, Talbot HK, Grijalva CG, Halasa N, Chappell JD, Johnson CA, Rice TW, Casey JD, Lauring AS, Gaglani M, Ghamande S, Columbus C, Steingrub JS, Shapiro NI, Duggal A, Felzer J, Prekker ME, Peltan ID, Brown SM, Hager DN, Gong MN, Mohamed A, Exline MC, Khan A, Wilson JG, Mosier J, Qadir N, Chang SY, Ginde AA, Mohr NM, Mallow C, Harris ES, Johnson NJ, Srinivasan V, Gibbs KW, Kwon JH, Vaughn IA, Ramesh M, Safdar B, DeCuir J, Surie D, Dawood FS, Ellington S, Self WH, Martin ET. Assessment and mitigation of bias in influenza and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness analyses - IVY Network, September 1, 2022-March 30, 2023. Vaccine. 2025 01 01; 43(Pt 2):126492.

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Banack HR, Mayeda ER, Naimi AI, Fox MP, Whitcomb BW. Collider Stratification Bias I: Principles and Structure. Am J Epidemiol. 2024 02 05; 193(2):238-240.

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Wang Y, Parpia S, Couban R, Wang Q, Armijo-Olivo S, Bassler D, Briel M, Brignardello-Petersen R, Gluud LL, Keitz SA, Letelier LM, Ravaud P, Schulz KF, Siemieniuk RAC, Zeraatkar D, Guyatt GH. Compelling evidence from meta-epidemiological studies demonstrates overestimation of effects in randomized trials that fail to optimize randomization and blind patients and outcome assessors. J Clin Epidemiol. 2024 Jan; 165:111211.

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Bedi NS, Tsering D, Raubenhold R, Allee L, Mahoney EJ, Wurcel A, Byhoff E. Analysis of bias in toxicology screening of patients in serious motor vehicle collisions. Acad Emerg Med. 2024 02; 31(2):185-186.

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Kulinskaya E, Hoaglin DC. Estimation of heterogeneity variance based on a generalized Q statistic in meta-analysis of log-odds-ratio. Res Synth Methods. 2023 Sep; 14(5):671-688.

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Kernbach JM, Hartwigsen G, Lim JS, Bae HJ, Yu KH, Schlaug G, Bonkhoff A, Rost NS, Bzdok D. Bayesian stroke modeling details sex biases in the white matter substrates of aphasia. Commun Biol. 2023 03 31; 6(1):354.

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Liu X, Armaignac DL, Becker C, Hiddleson C, Dubouchet EM, Rincon T, Amelung PJ, French R, Scurlock C, Atallah L, Badawi O. Improving ICU Risk Predictive Models Through Automation Designed for Resiliency Against Documentation Bias. Crit Care Med. 2023 03 01; 51(3):376-387.

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Wang Y, Ghadimi M, Wang Q, Hou L, Zeraatkar D, Iqbal A, Ho C, Yao L, Hu M, Ye Z, Couban R, Armijo-Olivo S, Bassler D, Briel M, Gluud LL, Glasziou P, Jackson R, Keitz SA, Letelier LM, Ravaud P, Schulz KF, Siemieniuk RAC, Brignardello-Petersen R, Guyatt GH. Instruments assessing risk of bias of randomized trials frequently included items that are not addressing risk of bias issues. J Clin Epidemiol. 2022 Dec; 152:218-225.

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