"Botulinum Toxins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus,
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure,
which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
Toxic proteins produced from the species CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. The toxins are synthesized as a single peptide chain which is processed into a mature protein consisting of a heavy chain and light chain joined via a disulfide bond. The botulinum toxin light chain is a zinc-dependent protease which is released from the heavy chain upon ENDOCYTOSIS into PRESYNAPTIC NERVE ENDINGS. Once inside the cell the botulinum toxin light chain cleaves specific SNARE proteins which are essential for secretion of ACETYLCHOLINE by SYNAPTIC VESICLES. This inhibition of acetylcholine release results in muscular PARALYSIS.
Descriptor ID |
D001905
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MeSH Number(s) |
D08.811.277.656.300.480.153 D08.811.277.656.675.374.153 D12.776.097.156 D23.946.123.179
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Concept/Terms |
Botulinum Toxins- Botulinum Toxins
- Toxins, Botulinum
- Botulinum Toxin
- Toxin, Botulinum
- Clostridium botulinum Toxins
- Toxins, Clostridium botulinum
- Botulin
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Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Botulinum Toxins".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Botulinum Toxins".
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Botulinum Toxins" by people in this website by year, and whether "Botulinum Toxins" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
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Year | Major Topic | Minor Topic | Total |
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2002 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
2003 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
2004 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
2013 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
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Below are the most recent publications written about "Botulinum Toxins" by people in Profiles.
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O'Dell K. Pharmacologic management of bladder dysfunction in adult women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2014 Mar-Apr; 43(2):253-63.
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Peng L, Liu H, Ruan H, Tepp WH, Stoothoff WH, Brown RH, Johnson EA, Yao WD, Zhang SC, Dong M. Cytotoxicity of botulinum neurotoxins reveals a direct role of syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25 in neuron survival. Nat Commun. 2013; 4:1472.
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Wilkenfeld AJ, Frank SA, McCarthy DC. Botulinum toxin for painful spasms from focal seizures: theoretical considerations and case report. Neurologist. 2013 Jan; 19(1):15-6.
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Clark GT, Stiles A, Lockerman LZ, Gross SG. A critical review of the use of botulinum toxin in orofacial pain disorders. Dent Clin North Am. 2007 Jan; 51(1):245-61, ix.
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Agin JR, Abbott DO, Ziemer WA, McClure FD, Ferreira JL, Ledenbach L, Hitchins AD, Hill W, Brodsky MH, Sciacchitano CJ, Guilfoyle DE, Loveys DA. Committee on Microbiology and Extraneous Materials. J AOAC Int. 2004 Jan-Feb; 87(1):321-9.
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Artenstein AW. Biodefense: medicine in the time of bioterrorism. Med Health R I. 2003 Jul; 86(7):201-3.
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Tomes CN, Michaut M, De Blas G, Visconti P, Matti U, Mayorga LS. SNARE complex assembly is required for human sperm acrosome reaction. Dev Biol. 2002 Mar 15; 243(2):326-38.
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Essler M, Amano M, Kruse HJ, Kaibuchi K, Weber PC, Aepfelbacher M. Thrombin inactivates myosin light chain phosphatase via Rho and its target Rho kinase in human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1998 Aug 21; 273(34):21867-74.
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Aepfelbacher M, Essler M, Huber E, Sugai M, Weber PC. Bacterial toxins block endothelial wound repair. Evidence that Rho GTPases control cytoskeletal rearrangements in migrating endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Sep; 17(9):1623-9.
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Aepfelbacher M, Essler M, Huber E, Czech A, Weber PC. Rho is a negative regulator of human monocyte spreading. J Immunol. 1996 Dec 01; 157(11):5070-5.