Butyrate and propionate are microbial danger signals that activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages upon TLR stimulation.
Wang W, Dernst A, Martin B, Lorenzi L, Cadefau-Fabregat M, Phulphagar K, Wagener A, Budden C, Stair N, Wagner T, F?rber H, Jaensch A, Stahl R, Duthie F, Schmidt SV, Coll RC, Meissner F, Cuartero S, Latz E, Mangan MSJ. Butyrate and propionate are microbial danger signals that activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages upon TLR stimulation. Cell Rep. 2024 09 24; 43(9):114736.