Codon

"Codon" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure, which enables searching at various levels of specificity.

MeSH information

Definition | Details | More General Concepts | Related Concepts | More Specific Concepts

A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).

Descriptor ID	D003062
MeSH Number(s)	D13.444.735.544.355 G05.360.335.355 G05.360.340.024.340.137.190
Concept/Terms	Codon Codon Codons Sense Codon Sense Codon Codons, Sense Sense Codons Codon, Sense

Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Codon".

Chemicals and Drugs [D]
Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides [D13]
Nucleic Acids [D13.444]
RNA [D13.444.735]
RNA, Messenger [D13.444.735.544]
Codon [D13.444.735.544.355]
Biological Sciences [G]
Genetic Phenomena [G05]
Genetic Structures [G05.360]
Genetic Code [G05.360.335]
Codon [G05.360.335.355]
Genome [G05.360.340]
Genome Components [G05.360.340.024]
Genes [G05.360.340.024.340]
Gene Components [G05.360.340.024.340.137]
Codon [G05.360.340.024.340.137.190]

Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Codon".

publications

Timeline | Most Recent

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Codon" by people in this website by year, and whether "Codon" was a major or minor topic of these publications.

Bar chart showing 35 publications over 21 distinct years, with a maximum of 3 publications in 2013 and 2015 and 2018

To see the data from this visualization as text, click here.

Year	Major Topic	Minor Topic	Total
1995	1	0	1
1996	1	0	1
1997	0	1	1
2001	0	1	1
2004	1	1	2
2005	1	0	1
2006	1	0	1
2007	1	1	2
2010	0	1	1
2011	0	2	2
2012	1	1	2
2013	1	2	3
2015	2	1	3
2016	0	1	1
2017	0	2	2
2018	2	1	3
2020	1	1	2
2021	0	1	1
2022	0	2	2
2024	1	0	1
2025	2	0	2

Below are the most recent publications written about "Codon" by people in Profiles.

Ramirez-Moya J, Antika TR, Liu Q, Xiong X, Ali R, Gutierrez A, Gregory RI. The tRNA Editing Complex ADAT2/3 Promotes Cancer Cell Growth and Codon-biased mRNA Translation. J Mol Biol. 2025 Nov 01; 437(21):169414.

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Ravi S, Sharma T, Yip M, Yang H, Xie J, Gao G, Tai PWL. A deep learning model trained on expressed transcripts across different tissue types reveals cell-type codon-optimization preferences. Nucleic Acids Res. 2025 Mar 20; 53(6).

View in: PubMed
Cui J, Sendinc E, Liu Q, Kim S, Fang JY, Gregory RI. m3C32 tRNA modification controls serine codon-biased mRNA translation, cell cycle, and DNA-damage response. Nat Commun. 2024 Jul 10; 15(1):5775.

View in: PubMed
Wu C, Iyer S, Wolfe SA, Jacobson A. Functional restoration of mouse Nf1 nonsense alleles in differentiated cultured neurons. J Hum Genet. 2022 Nov; 67(11):661-668.

View in: PubMed
Orellana EA, Siegal E, Gregory RI. tRNA dysregulation and disease. Nat Rev Genet. 2022 11; 23(11):651-664.

View in: PubMed
Martin DP, Weaver S, Tegally H, San JE, Shank SD, Wilkinson E, Lucaci AG, Giandhari J, Naidoo S, Pillay Y, Singh L, Lessells RJ, Gupta RK, Wertheim JO, Nekturenko A, Murrell B, Harkins GW, Lemey P, MacLean OA, Robertson DL, de Oliveira T, Kosakovsky Pond SL. The emergence and ongoing convergent evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 N501Y lineages. Cell. 2021 09 30; 184(20):5189-5200.e7.

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Shu H, Donnard E, Liu B, Jung S, Wang R, Richter JD. FMRP links optimal codons to mRNA stability in neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 12 01; 117(48):30400-30411.

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Jiang T, Henderson JM, Coote K, Cheng Y, Valley HC, Zhang XO, Wang Q, Rhym LH, Cao Y, Newby GA, Bihler H, Mense M, Weng Z, Anderson DG, McCaffrey AP, Liu DR, Xue W. Chemical modifications of adenine base editor mRNA and guide RNA expand its application scope. Nat Commun. 2020 Apr 24; 11(1):1979.

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Mandad S, Rahman RU, Centeno TP, Vidal RO, Wildhagen H, Rammner B, Keihani S, Opazo F, Urban I, Ischebeck T, Kirli K, Benito E, Fischer A, Yousefi RY, Dennerlein S, Rehling P, Feussner I, Urlaub H, Bonn S, Rizzoli SO, Fornasiero EF. The codon sequences predict protein lifetimes and other parameters of the protein life cycle in the mouse brain. Sci Rep. 2018 11 15; 8(1):16913.

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Svidritskiy E, Demo G, Korostelev AA. Mechanism of premature translation termination on a sense codon. J Biol Chem. 2018 08 10; 293(32):12472-12479.

View in: PubMed

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